fluctuation of anabolic and catabolic reactions, mainly regulated through dietary intake. Therefore, it is classically recommended that athletes ingest a minimal amount of proteins (20 g or 0.3 g·kg body mass) every 3–4 hr, the time necessary to absorb, digest, and stimulate muscle protein synthesis
Search Results
Nutrition for Master Athletes: Is There a Need for Specific Recommendations?
Julien Louis, Fabrice Vercruyssen, Olivier Dupuy, and Thierry Bernard
Coingestion of Collagen With Whey Protein Prevents Postexercise Decline in Plasma Glycine Availability in Recreationally Active Men
Thorben Aussieker, Tom A.H. Janssen, Wesley J.H. Hermans, Andrew M. Holwerda, Joan M. Senden, Janneau M.X. van Kranenburg, Joy P.B. Goessens, Tim Snijders, and Luc J.C. van Loon
Exercise increases muscle protein synthesis rates ( Biolo et al., 1995 ). This includes substantial increases in both myofibrillar ( Wilkinson et al., 2008 ) and muscle connective protein ( Holm et al., 2010 ; Holwerda et al., 2021 ; Trommelen et al., 2020 ) synthesis rates. Whereas the impact of
Isolated Leucine and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation for Enhancing Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review
Daniel L. Plotkin, Kenneth Delcastillo, Derrick W. Van Every, Kevin D. Tipton, Alan A. Aragon, and Brad J. Schoenfeld
& Brosnan, 2006 ). Of the three BCAA, leucine is most notably a key regulator of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), exerting modulating effects even in the presence of hyperaminoacidemia ( Rieu et al., 2006 ). Much of the early data on BCAA supplementation came from rodent studies. These studies suggested that
The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion Following Eccentric Resistance Exercise on AKT/mTOR and ERK Pathways: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Crossover Study
Vandre C. Figueiredo, Michelle M. Farnfield, Megan L.R. Ross, Petra Gran, Shona L. Halson, Jonathan M. Peake, David Cameron-Smith, and James F. Markworth
( Churchward-Venne et al., 2012 ; Hulmi et al., 2010 ; Koopman et al., 2007 ). Provision of a source of amino acids/protein provides not only the substrate for, but also stimulates muscle protein synthesis during recovery from resistance training ( Koopman, 2004 ; Moore et al., 2009 ; Rasmussen et
Presleep Protein Supplementation Does Not Improve Recovery During Consecutive Days of Intense Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Mads S. Larsen, Dagmar Clausen, Astrid Ank Jørgensen, Ulla R. Mikkelsen, and Mette Hansen
studies have shown that protein provision immediately prior to or during overnight sleep is digested and released into the circulation, therefore, stimulating muscle protein synthesis ( Groen et al., 2012 ; Kouw et al., 2017 ; Trommelen et al., 2018 ). This approach adds to the conventional way of
The Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Response Does Not Differ Following the Ingestion of a Solid Versus a Liquid Milk Protein Product in Healthy Adult Females
Glenn A.A. van Lieshout, Jorn Trommelen, Jean Nyakayiru, Janneau van Kranenburg, Joan M. Senden, Lex B. Verdijk, and Luc J.C. van Loon
It has been well-established that protein ingestion increases muscle protein synthesis rates ( Biolo et al., 1997 ; Trommelen et al., 2019 ). The postprandial rise in muscle protein synthesis plays a key role in muscle maintenance and is instrumental in supporting the skeletal muscle adaptive
Exercise Plus Presleep Protein Ingestion Increases Overnight Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy Older Men
Andrew M. Holwerda, Jorn Trommelen, Imre W.K. Kouw, Joan M. Senden, Joy P.B. Goessens, Janneau van Kranenburg, Annemie P. Gijsen, Lex B. Verdijk, and Luc J.C. van Loon
stiffness ( Wood et al., 2014 ), which contribute to the age-related decline in muscle strength and functional capacity ( Azizi et al., 2017 ; Kragstrup et al., 2011 ). Skeletal muscle tissue (mal)adaptation is regulated by the net balance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates, with a tissue
Whey Protein Augments Leucinemia and Postexercise p70S6K1 Activity Compared With a Hydrolyzed Collagen Blend When in Recovery From Training With Low Carbohydrate Availability
Samuel G. Impey, Kelly M. Hammond, Robert Naughton, Carl Langan-Evans, Sam O. Shepherd, Adam P. Sharples, Jessica Cegielski, Kenneth Smith, Stewart Jeromson, David L. Hamilton, Graeme L. Close, and James P. Morton
al., 2015 ) an acute training session stimulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Postexercise protein feeding has also been shown to modify skeletal muscle transcriptome responses toward those supporting the endurance phenotype ( Rowlands et al., 2011 ). In considering protein-feeding strategies for
Dietary Protein for Training Adaptation and Body Composition Manipulation in Track and Field Athletes
Oliver C. Witard, Ina Garthe, and Stuart M. Phillips
damaged (posttranslational damage) proteins are degraded through muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and are replaced with new functional muscle proteins through muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Muscle protein is gained if rates of MPS exceed MPB, termed positive net muscle protein balance. Conversely, muscle
Effects of Timing and Types of Protein Supplementation on Improving Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Performance in Adults Undergoing Resistance Training: A Network Meta-Analysis
Huan-Huan Zhou, Yuxiao Liao, Xiaolei Zhou, Zhao Peng, Shiyin Xu, Shaojun Shi, Liegang Liu, Liping Hao, and Wei Yang
effects on muscle for subjects undergoing RT, such as protein timing and recommended types, have not been well addressed. A popular strategy is that protein should be ingested before and/or after a training session and before sleep to maximally augment muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in a limited anabolic
