negative relationship between swimming and bone mass gain is because of a combination of exercise performed in hypogravity ( 10 , 11 , 14 ) and catabolic effects related to long training routines. Swimming involves long training routines (several hours per day), with high intensity (high training loads
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The Impact of Training Load on Bone Mineral Density of Adolescent Swimmers: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete, Santiago Maillane-Vanegas, Kyle R. Lynch, Bruna Turi-Lynch, Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva, Eduardo Zapaterra Campos, Suziane Ungari Cayres, and Romulo Araújo Fernandes
Dose–Response Relationship Between Training Load and Changes in Aerobic Fitness in Professional Youth Soccer Players
John F. Fitzpatrick, Kirsty M. Hicks, and Philip R. Hayes
The physiological response to a given training load is commonly called the dose–response relationship and is considered a fundamental component of training. 1 It has been suggested that a valid measure of training load should show a strong dose–response relationship with a particular training
Relationships Between Training Load, Sleep Duration, and Daily Well-Being and Recovery Measures in Youth Athletes
Thomas Sawczuk, Ben Jones, Sean Scantlebury, and Kevin Till
least 4 days after the match ( 7 , 24 ). Furthermore, research has shown that a drop in perceptions of well-being can lead to reductions in external training load output in elite adult soccer and Aussie rules players ( 9 , 22 ). However, although this research is valuable, it fails to quantify the
Cycling Performance and Training Load: Effects of Intensity and Duration
Antonis Kesisoglou, Andrea Nicolò, and Louis Passfield
scientists use the concept of training load (TL) to quantify their exercise programs. The increasingly popular TL concept is based on the approach of normalizing the training session for its TWD. 11 , 12 The TL concept and its underpinning of TWD originates from the work of Banister et al, 13 who attempted
Training Load, Neuromuscular Readiness, and Perceptual Fatigue Profile in Youth Elite Long-Jump Athletes
Alberto Franceschi, Daniele Conte, Marco Airale, and Jaime Sampaio
individual sports. 6 The objectives of this study were to describe and identify individual trends and changes in training load, neuromuscular readiness, and perceptual fatigue measures in 2 youth elite long jumpers, finalists at the European Athletics U18 Championships. Methods Subjects One female young
A Comparison of Heart Rate Training Load and Perceptual Effort Between Masters and Young Cyclists
Nattai R. Borges, Aaron T. Scanlan, Peter R. Reaburn, and Thomas M. Doering
With increasing participation in masters sports, there is greater demand to maximize performance and physical adaptations into older age. 1 In professional sports, monitoring of training load (TL) is widely utilized to ensure athletes track progress and monitor fatigue levels. 2 , 3 Highly
Self-Paced Cycling at the Highest Sustainable Intensity With Blood Flow Restriction Reduces External but Not Internal Training Loads
Nathan D.W. Smith, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Olivier Girard, and Brendan R. Scott
interval training may also be beneficial for endurance athletes. 3 , 4 Periodized training programs incorporating aerobic BFR intervals involves managing the internal (eg, heart rate [HR]) and external (eg, total work) training loads to improve performance 5 while avoiding overtraining. 6 However
Validity of the Online Athlete Management System to Assess Training Load
Miranda J. Menaspà, Paolo Menaspà, Sally A. Clark, and Maurizio Fanchini
The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) 1 has been validated in individual and team sports 2 – 4 and has been used in training load monitoring 5 and injury prevention. 6 , 7 Different perceptual scales have been proposed, validated, and used in several sports to measure exercise
The Relationships Between External and Internal Training Loads in Mixed Martial Arts
Christopher Kirk, Carl Langan-Evans, David R. Clark, and James P. Morton
perceived exertion (sRPE-training load [TL]) has therefore become more common in combat sports. Previous reports demonstrate sRPE-TL of boxing training sessions to range between 78 and 264.3 arbitrary unit (AU), with taekwondo training sessions range = 200.8 to 256.7 AU. 9 In contrast, the grappling sport
Training Load, Neuromuscular Fatigue, and Well-Being of Elite Male Volleyball Athletes During an In-Season Mesocycle
André Rebelo, João R. Pereira, Diogo V. Martinho, Gerson Amorim, Ricardo Lima, and João Valente-dos Santos
cumulative training loads are related to the risk of injury, 10 whereas during heavy periods of training, athletes are at increased risk of developing illnesses. 11 Within the volleyball literature, 1 training microcycle have shown decreases in the neuromuscular performance and an increase in muscle
