the athletes’ high level of performance throughout many months of competition. 7 – 9 The success of training, in turn, depends on the balance between the magnitude and distribution of the training load and the recovery applied during the season. 10 – 12 In order to avoid negative adaptations to
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Monitoring Training Load, Recovery, and Performance of Brazilian Professional Volleyball Players During a Season
Paula B. Debien, Marcelly Mancini, Danilo R. Coimbra, Daniel G.S. de Freitas, Renato Miranda, and Maurício G. Bara Filho
Measuring Training Load in Sports
Michael Ian Lambert and Jill Borresen
The principle of training can be reduced to a simple “dose-response” relationship. The “response” in this relationship can be measured as a change in performance or the adaptation of a physiological system. The “dose” of training, or physiological stress associated with the training load, is more difficult to measure as there is no absolute “gold standard” which can be used in the field, making it difficult to validate procedures. Attempts have been made to use heart rate as a marker of intensity during training, but the theoretical attractiveness of this method is not supported by the accuracy and the practicality of using this method during training or competition. The session RPE, based on the product of training duration and perceived intensity is more practical and can be used in a variety of sports. However, the score depends on a subjective assessment, and the intersubject comparisons may be inaccurate. The demands of different sports vary and therefore the methods of assessing training need to vary accordingly. The time has come to reach consensus on assessing training accurately in different sports. There is a precedent for this consensus approach with scientists having already done so for the assessment of physical activity, and for defining injuries in rugby, football and cricket. Standardizing these methods has resulted in the quality of research in these areas increasing exponentially.
Athlete Resilience Trajectories Across Competitive Training: The Influence of Physical and Psychological Stress
Nikki E. Barczak-Scarboro, Emily Kroshus, Brett Pexa, Johna K. Register Mihalik, and J.D. DeFreese
; Impellizzeri et al., 2004 ; Scott et al., 2013 ; Wallace et al., 2014 ). Daily total loads can then be summed to assess the cumulative load that an individual is experiencing over a given period of time ( Bowen et al., 2017 ; Colby et al., 2014 ; Gabbett et al., 2014 ). Accordingly, training load variables
Psychophysiological Responses to a Preseason Training Camp in High-Level Youth Soccer Players
Ludwig Ruf, Stefan Altmann, Sascha Härtel, Sabrina Skorski, Barry Drust, and Tim Meyer
include the neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, cardiorespiratory system, and athlete-reported questionnaires measuring constructs such as recovery, stress, fatigue, or soreness. 6 Several studies examined the impact of fluctuations in daily training load on changes in selected
The Influence of Different Training Load Quantification Methods on the Fitness-Fatigue Model
Kobe M. Vermeire, Freek Van de Casteele, Maxim Gosseries, Jan G. Bourgois, Michael Ghijs, and Jan Boone
Performance improvement is the response of the body to an appropriate combination of training load (TL) and recovery. In order to obtain maximal performance at the right moment, a precisely controlled training program is needed. 1 Therefore, tracking and managing TL is a vital part of working with
Effects of Preseason Training on the Sleep Characteristics of Professional Rugby League Players
Heidi R. Thornton, Jace A. Delaney, Grant M. Duthie, and Ben J. Dascombe
muscle damage (creatine kinase) 14 and heightened perceived muscle soreness. 15 , 16 However, it remains unknown how these demands relate to sleep. Additionally, a method of calculating acute and chronic training loads known as exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA) has been proposed, 17 which
The Dose-Response Relationship Between Training Load and Aerobic Fitness in Academy Rugby Union Players
Richard J. Taylor, Dajo Sanders, Tony Myers, Grant Abt, Celia A. Taylor, and Ibrahim Akubat
important for repeated-sprint performance 3 and other characteristics of rugby match play. 4 In semiprofessional provincial-level players, progression into adolescence results in their typically training and competing for multiple teams each week. 5 The resulting high training loads (TLs) could increase
Association Between Variations in Training Load, Sleep, and the Well-Being of Professional Hockey Players
Amélie Apinis-Deshaies, Maxime Trempe, and Jonathan Tremblay
, morning training sessions, congested schedules, and a high training load (TL). 3 It is now common to monitor the athletes’ TL to determine whether they adapt to the training program, to understand their individual responses to training, and to minimize the risk of overtraining, injury, and illness. 4 TL
Neuromuscular Performance and Training Workload Over an In-Season Mesocycle in Elite Young Soccer Players
Colin Clancy, Nigel Gleeson, and Tom Mercer
Furthermore, suboptimal high-intensity running workload has been cited as a modifiable risk factor for hamstring injuries, alongside previous injury, poor eccentric strength, and low aerobic fitness. 12 A recent systematic review highlighted the detrimental effects of sudden increases in acute training loads
Relationship Between Wellness Index and Internal Training Load in Soccer: Application of a Machine Learning Model
Enrico Perri, Carlo Simonelli, Alessio Rossi, Athos Trecroci, Giampietro Alberti, and F. Marcello Iaia
In team sports, training load (TL) and therefore fatigue are affected by a number of factors, such as players’ individual characteristics, 1 fitness level, positional role, and technical–tactical skills. Nevertheless, monitoring internal TL appears critical due to the invasive nature of the
