consequences in adolescent athletes. Development and Etiology of Neuromuscular Fatigue Similar to previous studies assessing mixed-modality endurance events in adults (eg, triathlon [ 12 ]), the present data show a significant decrement in knee extensor MVIC torque after the adventure race. This decrease was
Search Results
Neuromuscular Fatigue After Long-Duration Adventure Racing in Adolescent Athletes
Anthony Birat, Yoann M. Garnier, Pierre Bourdier, Alexis Dupuy, Alexandre Dodu, Claire Grossoeuvre, Anne-Charlotte Dupont, Anthony J. Blazevich, Mélanie Rance, Claire Morel, Stéphane Nottin, and Sébastien Ratel
Energy Balance during an Ironman Triathlon in Male and Female Triathletes
Nicholas E. Kimber, Jenny J. Ross, Sue L. Mason, and Dale B. Speedy
Energy balance of 10 male and 8 female triathletes participating in an Ironman event (3.8-km swim, 180-km cycle, 42.2-km run) was investigated. Energy intake (EI) was monitored at 7 designated points by dietary recall of food and fluid consumption. Energy expenditure (EE) during cycling and running was calculated using heart rate-V̇O2 regression equations and during swimming by the multiple regression equation: Y = 3.65v + 0.02 W − 2.545 where Y is V̇O2 in L · min−1, v is the velocity in m · s−1, Wis the body weight in kilograms. Total EE (10.036 ± 931 and 8570 ± 1014 kcal) was significantly greater than total El (3940 ± 868 and 3115 ± 914kcal, p < .001) formales and females, respectively, although energy balance was not different between genders. Finishing time was inversely related to carbohydrate (CHO) intake (g · kg−1 · h−1) during the marathonrun formales (r=−.75, p < .05), and not females, suggesting that increasing CHO ingestion during the run may have been a useful strategy for improving Ironman performance in male triathletes.
Predicting Race Performance in Triathlon: The Role of Perfectionism, Achievement Goals, and Personal Goal Setting
Joachim Stoeber, Mark A. Uphill, and Sarah Hotham
The question of how perfectionism affects performance is highly debated. Because empirical studies examining perfectionism and competitive sport performance are missing, the present research investigated how perfectionism affected race performance and what role athletes’ goals played in this relationship in two prospective studies with competitive triathletes (Study 1: N = 112; Study 2: N = 321). Regression analyses showed that perfectionistic personal standards, high performance-approach goals, low performance-avoidance goals, and high personal goals predicted race performance beyond athletes’ performance level. Moreover, the contrast between performance-avoidance and performance-approach goals mediated the relationship between perfectionistic personal standards and performance, whereas personal goal setting mediated the relationship between performance-approach goals and performance. The findings indicate that perfectionistic personal standards do not undermine competitive performance, but are associated with goals that help athletes achieve their best possible performance.
Eliminating Barriers to Youth Sport in Greenville, North Carolina
Emma O’Brien, Stacy M. Warner, and Melanie Sartore-Baldwin
This case study helps students better understand barriers to youth sport participation that low-income families face and then offer solutions to alleviate some barriers and create a more inclusive sport community. The case focuses on the struggle that many sport organizations face when trying to increase diversity and inclusiveness, regardless of socioeconomic status. Greenville Recreation and Parks Department Development Intern Sarah identifies issues with the department’s current financial assistance program and collects parents’ feedback detailing community needs that are not being met. This case provides an opportunity for students to (a) examine how sport organizations unintentionally create barriers for some community members and (b) find innovative ways to reduce barriers to youth sport participation and create more inclusive systems.
Risk for Exercise Addiction: A Comparison of Triathletes Training for Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, and Ironman-Distance Triathlons
Jason Youngman and Duncan Simpson
Researchers have noted that when taken to an excessive level, exercise may become addictive. This study investigated the risk of exercise addiction for triathletes using the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI; Terry, Szabo, & Griffths, 2004). The sample consisted of 1,285 male and female triathletes, ranging in age from 18–70 years old. Results indicated that approximately 20% of triathletes are at risk for exercise addiction, and that training for longer distance races (i.e., Olympic, Half-Ironman, and Ironman) puts triathletes at greater risk for exercise addiction than training for shorter races (i.e., Sprint). No significant association was found between the risk for exercise addiction and the number of years of participating. However, as the number of weekly training hours increased, so did a triathlete’s risk for exercise addiction. At-risk triathletes need greater clinical attention, and further research should be conducted to help clinicians develop awareness and appropriate interventions.
Energy Availability Over One Athletic Season: An Observational Study Among Athletes From Different Sports
Filipe Jesus, Mónica Sousa, Catarina L. Nunes, Ruben Francisco, Paulo Rocha, Cláudia S. Minderico, Luís B. Sardinha, and Analiza M. Silva
, volleyball, swimming, and triathlon were recruited for the study through direct mail and through sports federations, clubs, and high-performance centers, particularly those nearby the laboratory. The inclusion criteria were (1) training for more than 10 hr per week, (2) negative test outcomes for performance
Wetsuit Use During Open Water Swimming. Does It “Suit” Everybody? A Narrative Review
Claudio Quagliarotti, Matteo Cortesi, Giorgio Gatta, Marco Bonifazi, Paola Zamparo, Roberto Baldassarre, Veronica Vleck, and Maria Francesca Piacentini
Depending on water temperature, swimming distance, and age group, 1 both triathletes and open water swimmers can compete in wetsuits. In general, triathletes are more familiar with wetsuit use than open water swimmers. The use of wetsuits was introduced in triathlon races in 1989 2 ; whereas
Comparison of Reduced-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training and High-Volume Training on Endurance Performance in Triathletes
Milos Mallol, David J. Bentley, Lynda Norton, Kevin Norton, Gaizka Mejuto, and Javier Yanci
race simulation. 6 , 9 , 16 – 19 Referring to triathlon, Etxebarria et al 1 observed a moderate increase in VO 2 max values with a significant improvement in maximal aerobic power and maximal repeat sprint ability during a 1-hour variable power cycling, simulating the cycling section of a triathlon
Are Coaches of Female Athletes Informed of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport? A Scoping Review
Jennifer Hamer, Ben Desbrow, and Chris Irwin
athletes—a group identified as being particularly vulnerable to RED-S ( Day, Wengreen, & Heath, 2016 ; Logue et al., 2020 ). The sports identified as priority activities for the population group with the greatest risk of LEA and RED-S included athletics, swimming, cycling, triathlons, and rowing ( Logue
A Carbohydrate Ingestion Intervention in an Elite Athlete Who Follows a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet
Christopher C. Webster, Jeroen Swart, Timothy D. Noakes, and James A. Smith
during training and racing, for more than 2 years. While on this diet, he won numerous South African triathlon and Ironman competitions and consistently placed in the top 20 in elite international competitions, often winning his age group category. The ability to excel in competition is noteworthy and
