screened neuromuscular ACL injury risk factors change significantly from preseason to midseason in women’s collegiate soccer athletes. A recently identified and rapidly emerging category of risk factor for many lower-extremity injuries is training load. 33 Training load can be defined as stress placed on
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Examining the Dynamic Nature of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Factors in Women’s Collegiate Soccer
Elena M. D’Argenio, Timothy G. Eckard, Barnett S. Frank, William E. Prentice, and Darin A. Padua
Brief Report: Training Load, Salivary Immunoglobulin A, and Illness Incidence in Elite Paratriathletes
Ben T. Stephenson, Eleanor Hynes, Christof A. Leicht, Keith Tolfrey, and Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Paratriathlon is a variant of triathlon modified for individuals with a physical impairment. 1 It has been shown that paratriathletes produce large training loads (TLs) to maximize beneficial adaptations. 1 However, there is a risk that high TLs will increase the likelihood of illness, 2 most
Variation in the Correlation Between Heart Rate and Session Rating of Perceived Exertion-Based Estimations of Internal Training Load in Youth Soccer Players
Durva Vahia, Adam Kelly, Harry Knapman, and Craig A. Williams
adaptations. Consequently, this makes it difficult to design training sessions to cater to each individual player’s requirements, leading to varied interplayer responses ( 7 ). Although the external training load (ETL) for all players is the same, individual characteristics, such as baseline fitness, illness
Weekly Training Load in Elite Male Ice Hockey: Practice Versus Competition Demands
Vincenzo Rago, Adrian Muschinsky, Kasper Deylami, Magni Mohr, and Jeppe F. Vigh-Larsen
-related information is key to prescribe physical training, it is important to monitor training load (TL) to ensure an appropriate balance between stress and recovery during the weekly schedule. The external TL (ETL) describes the amount of physical work voluntarily completed by the athlete. For example, quantifying
Total Testosterone and Cortisol During Wheelchair Rugby Training in Athletes With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Eduardo Stieler, Varley Teoldo da Costa, Aline Ângela Silva Cruz, João Paulo Pereira Rosa, Ingrid LudImilla Bastos Lôbo, Julia Romão, Andrea Maculano Esteves, Marco Tulio de Mello, and Andressa Silva
during the training of Paralympic modalities with athletes who may present hormonal changes, such as the case of athletes with CSCI. Therefore, the field evaluation and monitoring of these hormones (TT and C), together with the training load, can elucidate, with greater accuracy, the adaptive responses
Relationship Between Various Training-Load Measures in Elite Cyclists During Training, Road Races, and Time Trials
Teun van Erp, Carl Foster, and Jos J. de Koning
Training load (TL) is one of the most important parameters for sport scientists and coaches to monitor in elite athletes. TL needs to be high enough to induce a stimulus for adaptation, with evidence that the magnitude of performance adaptation is proportional to the TL. 1 However, too-high values
Salivary Biomarkers and Training Load During Training and Competition in Paralympic Swimmers
Ciara Sinnott-O’Connor, Thomas M. Comyns, Alan M. Nevill, and Giles D. Warrington
differently. 3 While the taper period is designed to reduce training stress and promote recovery, performance in athletic competition has been shown to induce a psychophysiological stress response irrespective of the reduction in training load (TL). Given the sensitivity of immune function to physiological
Relationships Between Different Internal and External Training Load Variables and Elite International Women’s Basketball Performance
Joseph O.C. Coyne, Aaron J. Coutts, Robert U. Newton, and G. Gregory Haff
Olympic Games that are necessary for qualification and/or seeding. These matches and tournaments are characterized by a high number of basketball games within a few days, which could lead to poor performance and increases in illness and injury risk. 2 As such, monitoring and adjusting training loads (TLs
External Training Loads and Soft-Tissue Injury Occurrence During Congested Versus Noncongested Periods in Football
Paulo Barreira, João R. Vaz, Ruben Ferreira, João Pedro Araújo, and Francisco Tavares
space during a drill to reach higher velocities. Taking the opportunities during noncongested periods to increase exposure across several training load metrics could have contributed to a load accommodation and may have had a protective effect toward soft tissue injury during congested periods, in which
Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement
Pitre C. Bourdon, Marco Cardinale, Andrew Murray, Paul Gastin, Michael Kellmann, Matthew C. Varley, Tim J. Gabbett, Aaron J. Coutts, Darren J. Burgess, Warren Gregson, and N. Timothy Cable
Monitoring the load placed on athletes in both training and competition has become a very hot topic in sport science. Both scientists and coaches routinely monitor training loads using multidisciplinary approaches, and the pursuit of the best methodologies to capture and interpret data has produced an exponential increase in empirical and applied research. Indeed, the field has developed with such speed in recent years that it has given rise to industries aimed at developing new and novel paradigms to allow us to precisely quantify the internal and external loads placed on athletes and to help protect them from injury and ill health. In February 2016, a conference on “Monitoring Athlete Training Loads—The Hows and the Whys” was convened in Doha, Qatar, which brought together experts from around the world to share their applied research and contemporary practices in this rapidly growing field and also to investigate where it may branch to in the future. This consensus statement brings together the key findings and recommendations from this conference in a shared conceptual framework for use by coaches, sport-science and -medicine staff, and other related professionals who have an interest in monitoring athlete training loads and serves to provide an outline on what athlete-load monitoring is and how it is being applied in research and practice, why load monitoring is important and what the underlying rationale and prospective goals of monitoring are, and where athlete-load monitoring is heading in the future.
