High levels of self-efficacy have been documented to be associated with optimal levels of sport performance. One technique, which has the potential to foster increased self-efficacy, is hypnosis. Hypnosis is based upon the power of suggestion and, while often shrouded in myth and controversy, has been used in a number of domains including medicine, dentistry, and psychotherapy. In contrast, sport psychology is one domain where the use of hypnosis has yet to be fully explored. The aim of this review is to add to the extant literature and delineate how hypnosis potentially can enhance self-efficacy. By drawing on neodissociation and nonstate theories of hypnosis, a combined theoretical basis is established to explain how hypnosis may be used to influence sport performers’ sources of self-efficacy information. Furthermore, the review examines these theoretical postulations by presenting contemporary research evidence exploring the effects of hypnosis on sport performers’ self-efficacy. The review concludes with future research directions and suggestions for sport psychologists considering the use of hypnosis within their practice.
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Using Hypnosis to Enhance Self-Efficacy in Sport Performers
Jamie B. Barker, Marc V. Jones, and Iain Greenlees
Test Validation in Sport Physiology: Lessons Learned From Clinimetrics
Franco M. Impellizzeri and Samuele M. Marcora
We propose that physiological and performance tests used in sport science research and professional practice should be developed following a rigorous validation process, as is done in other scientific fields, such as clinimetrics, an area of research that focuses on the quality of clinical measurement and uses methods derived from psychometrics. In this commentary, we briefly review some of the attributes that must be explored when validating a test: the conceptual model, validity, reliability, and responsiveness. Examples from the sport science literature are provided.
Visual and Auditory Information During Decision Making in Sport
Stefanie Klatt and Nicholas J. Smeeton
detailed reconstruction of the playing environment. Over the past decades, decision making has become a well-investigated research area in sport psychology (for a meta-analysis, see Travassos et al., 2013 ). It is one of the fundamental elements of any sport, especially in fast and dynamic team sport
Drinking Outcome Expectancies and Normative Perceptions of Students Engaged in University Sport in England
Fran Longstaff, Nick Heather, Susan Allsop, Elizabeth Partington, Mark Jankowski, Helen Wareham, A. St Clair Gibson, and Sarah Partington
This study examined whether students engaged in university sport have different drinking outcome expectancies and normative beliefs than students who are not engaged in university sport. A cross-sectional survey of university students in England in 2008–2009 was undertaken. A questionnaire battery, including the Drinking Expectancies Questionnaire (DEQ) and a measure of normative beliefs, was completed by 770 students from seven universities across England. Responses from 638 students who were not abstaining from alcohol were analyzed. Students engaged in university sport have significantly higher drinking expectancies of assertion compared with students not engaged in university sport. Moreover, students engaged in university sport consistently report higher personal alcohol consumption and higher perceptions of consumption in those around them than students not engaged in university sport. Both assertion and the perception that students around them drink heavily provide only a partial explanation for why students engaged in university sport drink more than those not engaged in university sport. Further research is required to identify the reasons for heavy drinking among students involved in university sport in England.
Providing Mental Health Care to an Elite Athlete: The Perspective of the Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport Team
Krista Van Slingerland, Natalie Durand-Bush, Poppy DesClouds, and Göran Kenttä
American swimmer Michael Phelps, Canadian rower Silken Laumann, and Swedish hockey player Robin Lehner all have something in common. They are accomplished elite athletes who have courageously shared their battle with mental illness to change the landscape of mental health in sport. Indeed, we are
A Typology of Circular Sport Business Models: Enabling Sustainable Value Co-Creation in the Sport Industry
Anna Gerke, Julia Fehrer, Maureen Benson-Rea, and Brian P. McCullough
Sport ecology is a relatively new field focusing on the intersection of sport and environmental sustainability. It is centered on exploring the impact of sport on the natural environment and how sport organizations and individuals can reduce their negative impact and promote sustainability
Theory and Social Media in Sport Studies
Gashaw Abeza and Jimmy Sanderson
Over the past 2 decades, the use of social media has expanded rapidly in the sport industry. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube are an integral part of today’s sporting culture. The reach and scope of social media has particularly impacted various aspects of the
Internationalization of the Sport Management Labor Market and Curriculum Perspectives: Insights From Germany, Norway, and Spain
Olivia Wohlfart, Sandy Adam, Jorge García-Unanue, Gregor Hovemann, Berit Skirstad, and Anna-Maria Strittmatter
Globalization and internationalization affect industries across all fields and sectors. 1 Danylchuk, Doherty, Nicholson, and Stewart ( 2008 ) refer to the sport industry as the “global sport village” (p. 126). The labor market in sport management is growing and changing, promoted by
“I Just Roll Over, Pick Myself Up, and Carry On!” Exploring the Fall-Risk Experience of Canadian Masters Athletes
Dylan Brennan, Aleksandra A. Zecevic, Shannon L. Sibbald, and Volker Nolte
more prone to injuries due to their age-related functional changes. However, this active lifestyle is dominant in the lives of masters athletes, who are actively competing in sport. Baker, Horton, and Weir ( 2010 ) explain that “masters athletes are those who continue to train and compete, typically at
Student Perceptions of Program Quality: The Value of the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation in the Strategic Development of Sport Management Curricula
Nicole Sellars, Christopher Atwater, Christopher Corr, and Christina Martin
The Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA) currently serves as the only specialized (i.e., programmatic) accrediting body in the field of sport management higher education. Programmatic accreditation is of unique value to academic disciplines existing within specialized fields
