The joints of the lower extremity can be conceptualized as a single spring 1 – 8 or a series of spring-emulating joints 5 , 9 with stiffnesses that influence mechanical function in response to changes in locomotor strategy, pathology, and variation in the ground substrate. 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 – 14
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Fourier Analysis of the Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walking: Applications for Quantifying Differences in Gait Strategies
Taylor P. Trentadue and Daniel Schmitt
Control Strategy for a Hand Balance
Maurice R. Yeadon and Grant Trewartha
The goal of this study was to investigate the control strategy employed by gymnasts in maintaining a hand balance. It was hypothesized that a “wrist strategy” was used in which perturbations in the sagittal plane were corrected using variations in wrist flexor torque with synergistic shoulder and hip torques acting to preserve a fixed body configuration. A theoretical model of wrist strategy indicated that control could be effected using wrist torque that was a linear function of mass center displacement and velocity. Four male gymnasts executed hand balances and 2-dimensional inverse dynamics was used to determine net joint torque time histories at the wrist, shoulder, and hip joints in the sagittal plane. Wrist torque was regressed against mass center position and velocity values at progressively earlier times. It was found that all gymnasts used the wrist strategy, with time delays ranging from 160 to 240 ms. The net joint torques at the shoulder and hip joints were regressed against the torques required to maintain a fixed configuration. This fixed configuration strategy accounted for 86% of the variance in the shoulder torque and 86% of the variance in the hip torque although the actual torques exceeded the predicted torques by 7% and 30%, respectively. The estimated time delays are consistent with the use of long latency reflexes, whereas the role of vestibular and visual information in maintaining a hand balance is less certain.
Weight Loss Strategies in Combat Sports and Concerning Habits in Mixed Martial Arts
Oliver R. Barley, Dale W. Chapman, and Chris R. Abbiss
of water loading in MMA and MT/K is unclear. Developing a greater understanding of the various weight loss strategies used in combat sports and their prevalence is important, as some strategies have been reported to negatively influence exercise performance 12 – 15 and provide a potential risk to
The Impact of Preconditioning Strategies Designed to Improve 2000-m Rowing Ergometer Performance in Trained Rowers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Tiago Turnes, Rogério S.O. Cruz, Fabrizio Caputo, and Rafael A. De Aguiar
time trial is among the most reliable tests of athletic performance, 2 – 4 being extensively used in scientific research investigating the influence of preconditioning strategies on rowing. Such treatments are useful because the differences between the gold and silver medalists in the final at the
“We’ve Never Studied Bullying at University:” Bullying-Related Beliefs, Training, and Strategies Among Physical Education Preservice Teachers
Xènia Ríos, Carles Ventura, and Maria Prat
) examine beliefs about bullying among PE-PSTs, (b) analyze opinions about training received in this area, and (c) identify strategies they would use to deal with this phenomenon. Methodology Participants The participants were selected by convenience sampling ( Sparkes & Smith, 2014 ). The inclusion criteria were
Effects of 2 Intersection Strategies for Physical Recovery in Jiu-Jitsu Athletes
Eurico P. César, Cleito S.R. Júnior, and Raphael N. Francisco
recovery strategies with varying levels of effectiveness has been proposed to reduce the deleterious effects induced by high-intensity exercises. For example, a single bout of cold-water immersion (CWI) has become a widely adopted muscle recovery method in competitive sports. This particular postexercise
The Effect of Self-Paced and Prescribed Interset Rest Strategies on Performance in Strength Training
Peter Ibbott, Nick Ball, Marijke Welvaert, and Kevin G. Thompson
Pacing is a well-researched area 1 and has been defined as the distribution of energy during exercise that is considered optimal when the athlete has used all available energetic resources efficiently. 2 Pacing strategy has also been defined as the achievement of the desired outcome, without
The Effects of Ecologically Valid Intervention Strategies on the Locomotor Skills of Children With Visual Impairments
Ali Brian, Laura Bostick, Angela Starrett, Aija Klavina, Sally Taunton Miedema, Adam Pennell, Alex Stribing, Emily Gilbert, and Lauren J. Lieberman
al., 2019 ). As such, intervening on FMS may be a fruitful strategy to positively affect the overall health and well-being of children with VI ( Stodden et al., 2008 ). Intervention Is Effective Gross motor skill interventions can often result with the immediate improvement of locomotor skills ( Goodway
On Top to the Top—Acclimatization Strategy for the “Fastest Known Time” to Mount Everest
Grégoire P. Millet and Kilian Jornet
complete surrogate to HH . ” 7 Although possibly providing minimal benefits for reduction in acute mountain sickness symptoms or ventilatory acclimatization, 8 it seems that NH preacclimatization strategy (eg, by using hypoxic tents) is less effective than HH. 8 Therefore, disentangling hypoxia and
Moving Forward With Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity: Two Strategies to Ensure Meaningful, Interpretable, and Comparable Measures
Alex V. Rowlands
standard information such as age, height, and mass is always given. In this paper, I propose 2 strategies that I believe may help ensure comparability between studies and maximize the potential for data harmonization moving forward. (1) Agree on and present key standardized accelerometer metrics that are
