mentally “blocked” ( Day et al., 2006 ; Maaranen et al., 2017 ). Some athletes are able to perform the skills temporarily (up to a few times) when something about the environment is modified to reduce the potential negative consequences of balking, such as when using a spotter ( Maaranen et al., 2017
Search Results
Mental Blocks in Artistic Gymnastics and Cheerleading: Longitudinal Analysis of Flikikammo
Annamari Maaranen, Judy L. Van Raalte, and Britton W. Brewer
Flikikammo: When Gymnasts Lose Previously Automatic Backward Moving Skills
Annamari Maaranen, Erica G. Beachy, Judy L. Van Raalte, Britton W. Brewer, Thaddeus J. France, and Albert J. Petitpas
Mental blocks, phenomena in which athletes lose the ability to perform previously automatic skills, are well known but poorly understood. Study 1 was designed to assess mental blocks in gymnastics and determine if such blocks are distinct from related conditions, such as slumps, choking, and fear of injury. Mental blocks were reported to have unique characteristics and to affect backward moving skills. Study 2 was a qualitative analysis of the experiences of 5 gymnasts currently experiencing mental blocks on backward moving skills. Such block is called flikikammo and was described as cycling on and off, spreading to other events and skills, affecting visualization, and worsening when performance of the affected skills was forced by coaches. The findings are the first to detail the experience of gymnasts currently experiencing the condition. Additional research may help identify ways to alleviate and/or prevent flikikammo.
Priming Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Effects of Conventional Physiotherapy on Balance and Muscle Performance in Athletes With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Zeinab Tohidirad, Fatemeh Ehsani, Rasool Bagheri, and Shapour Jaberzadeh
(US) for promoting ACL healing, and, finally, instructing progressive exercises, respectively. 32 , 33 For using the application of FES, 2 carbon rubber electrodes (size 4 × 6 cm), covered with damp sponge pads, were fixed over the upper and lower balk of the quadriceps and 2 carbon rubber electrodes
Promoting Athlete Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation
Georgia A. Bird, Mary L. Quinton, and Jennifer Cumming
to control intrusive thoughts and anxiety ( Balk et al., 2013 ; Martinent et al., 2015 ), whereas uses of expressive suppression were found to inhibit performance ( Wagstaff, 2014 ). Sport is a demanding and stressful environment in which athletes experience many emotions during training and
Examining Perceptions of Teammates’ Burnout and Training Hours in Athlete Burnout
Ralph Appleby, Paul Davis, Louise Davis, and Henrik Gustafsson
To be successful in competitive sport, athletes are required to invest hours of intense training and perform effectively under pressure ( Balk, Adriaanse, De Ridder, & Evers, 2013 ; Isoard-Gautheur, Guillet-Descas, & Gustafsson, 2016 ). Furthermore, athletes are required to manage stressors
Inspiratory Muscle Training in Rehabilitation of Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Leila Ahmadnezhad, Ali Yalfani, and Behnam Gholami Borujeni
analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences . Behav Res Methods . 2007 ; 39 ( 2 ): 175 – 191 . PubMed ID: 17695343 doi:10.3758/BF03193146 17695343 10.3758/BF03193146 12. Boonstra AM , Preuper HR , Balk GA , Stewart RE . Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe
Interactive Association Between Mechanical and Sensorimotor Aspects of Cervical Extensor Muscles: Implications for Chronic Neck Pain
Leila Ghamkhar, Somayeh Amiri Arimi, and Amir H. Kahlaee
.1016/j.jelekin.2009.11.002 10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.11.002 26. Boonstra AM , Preuper HRS , Balk GA , Stewart RE . Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain . Pain . 2014 ; 155 ( 12 ): 2545 – 2550
