sports. Injuries to the abdominal muscles are often reported in athletes participating in sports involving the transfer of force along the kinetic chain or truncal extension and flexion. 1 , 2 In overhead sports like volleyball, water polo, tennis, and baseball, abdominal muscle strains often develop
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High Rate of Return to Sport Following Abdominal Muscle Strain Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Overhead Athletes—A Case Series
Ioanna K. Bolia, Alexander E. Weber, Hansel Ihn, Paul Won, Laith K. Hasan, Aryan Haratian, Lisa Noceti-Dewit, Russ Romano, James E. Tibone, and Seth C. Gamradt
Hip Injury Profile and Time Missed From Participation in Male National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Baseball Athletes
Ioanna K. Bolia, Jennifer A. Bell, Hyunwoo P. Kang, Aryan Haratian, Laith K. Hasan, Michael B. Eppler, Russ Romano, James E. Tibone, Seth C. Gamradt, and Alexander E. Weber
Key Points ▸ Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and adductor muscle strain were the predominant diagnoses in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I baseball players with hip–groin injury ▸ Acute hip groin injuries resulted in ∼5 days missed from baseball participation
Acute Testicular Fracture in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Baseball Catcher: A Case Study
Brandon C. Platt, Sue Falsone, and Kenneth C. Lam,
Key Points ▸ Testicular injury is extremely rare in athletic competition, particularly among baseball players. ▸ Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to decrease the risk of long-term damage. ▸ An evidence-based return-to-play protocol can improve the chances for safe return to play. The
Radioulnar Range of Motion Normative Values for Elite Baseball Players
Kevin Laudner, Robert Lynall, Jeffrey Williams, Regan Wong, Takashi Onuki, and Keith Meister
Context:
Numerous studies have documented reduced glenohumeral joint range of motion (ROM) of the dominant extremity among baseball players, which may be caused by throwing-related factors that also affect the radioulnar joint.
Objective:
To measure pronation and supination ROM in competitive baseball pitchers and position players.
Participants:
Asymptomatic professional and collegiate baseball pitchers (N = 59) and position players (N = 43).
Outcome Measures:
Bilateral radioulnar pronation and supination ROM.
Results:
Pitchers demonstrated significantly less pronation and total ROM in the throwing arm than the nondominant arm. The position players demonstrated significantly less total ROM in the throwing arm than the nondominant arm.
Conclusions:
The reported normative values may provide useful standards for interpretation of radioulnar ROM measured in both asymptomatic and symptomatic baseball players.
Return to Baseball Following an Anterior Shoulder Dislocation in a High School Baseball Pitcher: A Level 3 Case Report
Maegan M. Milliet, Courtney M. Meyer, Katey Dunham, and Zachary K. Winkelmann
high school baseball players, accounting for only 2.2% of high school shoulder dislocations. 4 , 6 Return to activity following an anterior dislocation is sport-dependent and can vary on the severity of the injury. 5 When a loading mechanism or traumatic blow occurs to an extended arm that is
Myofascial Release
Robert D. Kersey
Column-editor : Ned Bergert
Isokinetic Rotator Cuff Functional Ratios and the Development of Shoulder Injury in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
Rachele E. Vogelpohl and Roger O. Kollock
Context:
Shoulder injury in baseball pitchers is a very common problem and has been linked to an imbalance in rotator cuff strength. Recently, the use of functional shoulder strength ratios has become more popular because they more closely resemble the actions of the shoulder during the throwing motion.
Objective:
To investigate the link between preseason shoulder rotator cuff functional strength ratios and the development of shoulder pain and injury.
Design:
Prospective research design.
Setting:
University human performance laboratory.
Patients:
Fifteen collegiate baseball pitchers participated in this study. At the end of the baseball season, six (19.5 ± 1.8 years, 73.6 ± 2.8 inches, 198.7 ± 19.1 lbs) developed shoulder injury and were placed in the injured group, and nine (21.0 ± 1.7 years, 73.1 ± 2.3 inches, 207.9 ± 28.1 lbs) did not develop injury and were placed in the noninjured group.
Interventions:
Isokinetic peak torque was collected concentrically and eccentrically for both shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) at 60°-s−1, 180°-s−1, and 300°-s−1.
Main Outcome Measure:
The following functional ratios were calculated from the peak torque measures: concentric ER: concentric IR; eccentric ER: eccentric IR; concentric ER: eccentric IR (cocking phase); and eccentric ER: concentric IR (acceleration phase). Analysis was conducted using an analysis of variance comparing the injured and noninjured groups. A secondary analysis was conducted using an analyses of variance on the concentric and eccentric peak torque for shoulder IR and ER between groups.
Results:
The acceleration phase functional shoulder ratio was significantly higher (p = .019) in the injured group and a concentric IR peak torque (p = .003) was significantly lower in the injured group compared with the noninjured group.
conclusion:
Increased acceleration phase ratios and decreased concentric IR peak torque may be linked to the development of shoulder injury during a baseball season.
High-Intensity Interval Training for Improvement of Overhand Throwing Velocity
Meaghan E. Maddigan, David G. Behm, and Glen R. Belfry
Context:
High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve muscle power and endurance, as well as aerobic power.
Objective:
To assess the effects of HIIT that utilizes resistive elastic bands to improve overhand throwing velocity.
Participants:
Healthy female volunteers (n = 13) ranging in age from 18–29 years.
Interventions:
Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group that exercised 3 days per week for 3 weeks. Each training session involved performance of 5 sets of 20 throwing motions against elastic band resistance, which was performed by both extremities.
Main Outcome Measures:
Maximal oxygen consumption was measured during performance of a graded exercise test that utilized an upper extremity cycle ergometer. A radar gun was used to assess peak throwing velocity and the extent to which throwing velocity was sustained during performance of a 20-throw endurance test.
Results:
After completing the training, the experimental group exhibited faster peak throwing velocity (61.6 ± 6.6 km/hr to 63.2 ± 8.6 km/hr) and a reduced fatigue index (1.18 ± 0.16 to 1.01 ± 0.02). Training also resulted in a 14% improvement in maximum oxygen consumption (1.40 ± 0.46 L/min to 1.60 ± 0.49 L/ min) and longer time to fatigue (9.99 ± 1.84 min to 11.43 ± 2.29 min).
Conclusion:
The high-intensity interval training program was effective for improvement of overhand throwing performance.
