amateur sport organizations. In fact, dense, locally redundant relations are not considered a particularly efficient network structure for organizations since they often provide access to similar information, knowledge, and resources ( Granovetter, 1985 ). More expansive boundary-spanning connections are
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Katie E. Misener, Kathy Babiak, Gareth Jones, and Iain Lindsey
Mathew Dowling, Jonathan Robertson, Marvin Washington, Becca Leopkey, Dana Lee Ellis, Andie Riches, and Lee Smith
scholars were particularly adept in “boundary spanning” and working across both general management and sport management fields. These formative studies would lay the foundation for the application of institutional theory in sport management throughout the 1990s, with several academics (often doctoral