The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict African American children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness. Children (N = 548, ages 9–12) completed questionnaires assessing the TPB constructs and MVPA and then had their cardiorespiratory fitness assessed with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test. Commonly used Structural Equation Modeling fit indices suggested the model was an adequate representation for the relationships within the data. However, results also suggested an extended model which was examined and supported. Tests of direct paths from subjective norm and control to intention indicated that both variables were significant predictors of intention. Furthermore, the impact of attitude on intention was mediated by both subjective norm and control. Finally MVPA predicted cardiorespiratory fitness. Most of the standardized path coefficients fell in the small to moderate range, with the strongest effects evident for the predictors of intention and the smallest effect evident for the link from MVPA to cardiorespiratory fitness.
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The Theory of Planned Behavior: Predicting Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in African American Children
Jeffrey J. Martin, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Nate McCaughtry, Donetta Cothran, Joe Dake, and Gail Fahoome
The Effects of Aerobic Training on Cardiovascular Responses to Mental Stress: An Examination of Underlying Mechanisms
Karla A. Kubitz and Daniel M. Landers
This study examined the effects of an 8-week aerobic training program on cardiovascular responses to mental stress. Dependent variables included electrocardiographic activity, blood pressure, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, state anxiety, and state anger. Quantification of indicators of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and central nervous system activity (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia, T-wave amplitude, and EEG activity, respectively) allowed examination of possible underlying mechanisms. Subjects (n = 24) were randomly assigned to experimental (training) and control (no training) conditions. Pre- and posttesting examined cardiorespiratory fitness and responses to mental stress (i.e., Stroop and mental arithmetic tasks). MANOVAs identified a significant effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and EEG alpha laterality. The results appear consistent with the hypothesis that enhanced parasympathetic nervous system activity and decreased central nervous system laterality serve as mechanisms underlying certain aerobic training effects.
A Pilot Randomized Trial of Combined Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Exercise Training Versus Exercise Training Alone for the Management of Chronic Insomnia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Amanda Cammalleri, Aurore A. Perrault, Alexandra Hillcoat, Emily Carrese-Chacra, Lukia Tarelli, Rahul Patel, Marc Baltzan, Florian Chouchou, Thien Thanh Dang-Vu, Jean-Philippe Gouin, and Veronique Pepin
controlled trial in patients with COMISA were twofold. First, to determine whether regular exercise training alone could be beneficial on insomnia symptoms and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to a relaxation training. Then, to examine the impact of regular exercise training alone and combined with CBTi on
Pilot Studies to Evaluate Feasibility of a Physical Activity Intervention for Persons With Depression
Kendall J. Sharp, Charles C. South, Cherise Chin Fatt, Madhukar H. Trivedi, and Chad D. Rethorst
treatment outcomes and medical comorbidities. Depressive symptoms have consistently been associated with low levels of self-reported physical activity ( Schuch et al., 2017 ) and poor cardiorespiratory fitness ( Kandola, Ashdown-Franks, Stubbs, Osborn, & Hayes, 2019 ). An analysis of the National Health and
When Studying Affective Responses to Exercise, the Definition of “Intensity” Must Reference Homeostatic Perturbations: A Retort to Vollaard et al.
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, Mark E. Hartman, and Matthew A. Ladwig
and straightforward, but it is not. Let us explain. In the case of continuous exercise, the workload may be only 40% or 50% of the peak value achieved during a prior graded exercise test but, depending on the level of cardiorespiratory fitness of the participant, it may exceed the lactate or
Digest
Kim Gammage, Erica Bennett, Alyson Crozier, Alison Ede, Matt Hoffman, Seungmin Lee, Sascha Leisterer, Sean Locke, Desi McEwan, Kathleen Mellano, Eva Pila, and Matthew Stork
, which are multifaceted and range from physical (e.g., fever, shortness of breath, low cardiorespiratory fitness) to psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression, decreased quality of life) symptoms. In the rehabilitation of post-COVID-19 patients, physical exercise interventions play an important role. This
Aerobic Fitness Unrelated to Acquisition of Spatial Relational Memory in College-Aged Adults
Madison C. Chandler, Amanda L. McGowan, Ford Burles, Kyle E. Mathewson, Claire J. Scavuzzo, and Matthew B. Pontifex
Hayes , S.M. , Hayes , J.P. , Williams , V.J. , Liu , H. , & Verfaellie , M . ( 2017 ). FMRI activity during associative encoding is correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness and source memory performance in older adults . Cortex, 91, 208 – 220 . PubMed ID: 28161031 doi:10.1016/j
A Methodological Checklist for Studies of Pleasure and Enjoyment Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training: Part I. Participants and Measures
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, Mark E. Hartman, and Matthew A. Ladwig
, … demonstrating similar improvements in [cardiorespiratory fitness] as observed in traditional endurance training, with a reduced total exercise volume and time commitment” (p. 180). Likewise, the second edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018
Sex Differences in Perceived Motor Competence After the Children’s Health Activity Motor Program Intervention
Leesi George-Komi, Kara K. Palmer, Stephanie A. Palmer, Michael A. Nunu, and Leah E. Robinson
competency on children’s physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness during middle childhood , Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 36 ( 4 ), 388 – 397 . https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0192 Harter , S. ( 1999 ). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective . Guilford Press
Perceptions of Ability Mediate the Effect of Motor Coordination on Aerobic and Musculoskeletal Exercise Performance in Young Children at Risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder
Tuyen Le, Jeffrey D. Graham, Sara King-Dowling, and John Cairney
maximal cardiorespiratory fitness. However, the children who were excluded may have stopped early due to a combination of motor coordination problems and motivational or psychological factors that were not considered. Although it is important to understand physical fitness outcomes in children, as they
