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Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Partially Linked to Ventilatory Factors in Obese Adolescents

Monique Mendelson, Anne-Sophie Michallet, Julia Tonini, Anne Favre-Juvin, Michel Guinot, Bernard Wuyam, and Patrice Flore

Aim:

To examine the role of ventilatory constraint on cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescents.

Methods:

Thirty obese adolescents performed a maximal incremental cycling exercise and were divided into 2 groups based on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak): those presenting low (L; n = 15; VO2peak: 72.9 ± 8.6% predicted) or normal (N; n = 15; VO2peak: 113.6 ± 19.2% predicted) cardiorespiratory fitness. Both were compared with a group of healthy controls (C; n = 20; VO2peak: 103.1 ± 11.2% predicted). Ventilatory responses were explored using the flow volume loop method.

Results:

Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, in % predicted) was lower in L compared with C and N and was moderately associated with the percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = .52; p < .05) in L. At peak exercise, end inspiratory point was lower in L compared with N and C (77.4 ± 8.1, 86.4 ± 7.7, and 89.9 ± 7.6% FVC in L, N, and C, respectively; p < .05), suggesting an increased risk of ventilatory constraint in L, although at peak exercise this difference could be attributed to the lower maximal ventilation in L.

Conclusion:

Forced vital capacity and ventilatory strategy to incremental exercise slightly differed between N and L. These results suggest a modest participation of ventilatory factors to exercise intolerance.

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 28 (2016): Issue 1 (Jan 2016)

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A Pilot Study of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth With Overweight and Obesity

S. Nicole Fearnbach, Neil M. Johannsen, Corby K. Martin, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Robbie A. Beyl, Daniel S. Hsia, Owen T. Carmichael, and Amanda E. Staiano

Maintaining high cardiorespiratory fitness has been shown to be protective against the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, independent of body weight (BW [ 1 , 30 ]). In adults, high fitness is associated with reduced mortality, even when controlling for other risk factors

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 32 (2020): Issue 3 (Aug 2020)

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The Longitudinal Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity With Clustered Cardiometabolic Risk: A Mediation Analysis

João Francisco de Castro Silveira, Caroline Brand, Letícia Welser, Anelise Reis Gaya, Ryan Donald Burns, Karin Allor Pfeiffer, Rodrigo Antunes Lima, Lars Bo Andersen, Cézane Priscila Reuter, and Hildegard Hedwig Pohl

behavioral habits ( 3 ). Previous literature has demonstrated that both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity are biological traits that independently associate with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents ( 6 , 24 , 45 ). It has been established that adiposity plays a crucial role in the

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 36 (2024): Issue 2 (May 2024)

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Comparison Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Functions of Cognitive Control in Adolescents: A Tracking Study of 3 Years

Vinícius Muller Reis Weber, Jose Castro‐Piñero, Julio Cesar da Costa, Daniel Zanardini Fernandes, Marcelo Romanzini, and Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque

Maintaining satisfactory cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels during childhood and adolescence appears to be associated with mental health, reducing anxiety and depression symptoms ( 32 , 42 ). CRF also has an impact on morphological changes of structures involved in memory storage, synapse

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 35 (2023): Issue 4 (Nov 2023)

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Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Homeschool versus Public School Children

Laura S. Kabiri, Katy Mitchell, Wayne Brewer, and Alexis Ortiz

Purpose:

The growth and unregulated structure of homeschooling creates an unknown population in regard to muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this research was to compare muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness between elementary school aged homeschool and public school children.

Method:

Homeschool children ages 8–11 years old (n = 75) completed the curl-up, 90° push-up, and Progressive Aerobic Capacity Endurance Run (PACER) portions of the FitnessGram to assess abdominal and upper body strength and endurance as well as cardiorespiratory fitness. Comparisons to public school children (n = 75) were made using t tests and chi-square tests.

Results:

Homeschool children showed significantly lower abdominal (t(148) = -11.441, p < .001; χ2 (1) = 35.503, p < .001) and upper body (t(148) = -3.610, p < .001; χ2 (1) = 4.881, p = .027) strength and endurance. There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness by total PACER laps (t(108) = 0.879, p = .381) or estimated VO2max (t(70) = 1.187, p = .239; χ2 (1) = 1.444, p = .486).

Conclusion:

Homeschool children showed significantly lower levels of both abdominal and upper body muscular fitness compared with their age and gender matched public school peers but no difference in cardiorespiratory fitness.

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 29 (2017): Issue 3 (Jan 2017)

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A Systematic Review of the Associations of Adiposity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Arterial Structure and Function in Nonclinical Children and Adolescents

Kelsey L. McAlister, Diana Zhang, Kristen N. Moore, Tiffany M. Chapman, Jennifer Zink, and Britni R. Belcher

from nonmodifiable and modifiable factors, including age, growth, maturity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and adiposity ( 7 , 25 , 40 ). Interventions targeting the modifiable risk factors for arterial changes early in life, such as CRF and adiposity, may be worthwhile strategies for preventing the

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 35 (2023): Issue 3 (Aug 2023)

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Developmental Coordination Disorder and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children

John Cairney, John A. Hay, Brent E. Faught, Andreas Flouris, and Panagiota Klentrou

It is not known whether children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than children without the disorder, or whether this relationship varies by age and gender. These issues are examined using a cross-sectional assessment of children 9-14 years of age (N = 549). Participants were screened for DCD using the short form Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP-SF). A BOTMP-SF age-adjusted standard score at or below the 10th percentile rank on the BOTMP-SF was required to classify a diagnosis for probable DCD. CRF was determined from each participant’s predicted peak-aerobic power using the Léger 20-m shuttle-run test. Children with DCD report lower CRF than children without the disorder and are more likely to be in a high-risk group (≤ 20th percentile in peak VO2). Moreover, 70% of boys with DCD scored at or below the 20th percentile in peak VO2. Further research in a laboratory setting should be conducted to confirm these findings.

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 19 (2007): Issue 1 (Jan 2007)

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Serum Adiponectin Levels and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Nonoverweight and Overweight Portuguese Adolescents: The LabMed Physical Activity Study

César Agostinis-Sobrinho, Carla Moreira, Sandra Abreu, Luís Lopes, José Oliveira-Santos, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Jorge Mota, and Rute Santos

Purpose:

This study examined the independent associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and circulating adiponectin concentration in adolescents, controlling for several potential covariates.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study in Portuguese adolescents. A sample of 529 (267 girls) aged 12–18 years were included and categorized as overweight and nonoverweight. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by 20 meters shuttle run test. We measured serum adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, insulin and HDL-cholesterol.

Results:

After adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, socioeconomic status, body fat percentage, insulin resistance, HDL-cholesterol and C-reactive protein, regression analysis showed a significant inverse association between adiponectin and cardiorespiratory fitness in nonoverweight participants (B=-0.359; p < .042). Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between the highest cardiorespiratory fitness Healthy zone (above healthy zone) and the Under and the Healthy cardiorespiratory fitness zones in nonoverweight adolescents (p = .03) (F (2, 339) = 3.156, p < .001).

Conclusion:

Paradoxically, serum adiponectin levels are inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in nonoverweight, but not in overweight adolescents. In nonoverweight adolescents, those with highest levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (above healthy zone) presented lower levels of adiponectin compared with those in Under and Healthy cardiorespiratory fitness zones.

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 29 (2017): Issue 2 (Jan 2017)

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Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship Between Fitness, Fatness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Children and Adolescents: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

Cézane Priscila Reuter, Caroline Brand, João Francisco de Castro Silveira, Letícia de Borba Schneiders, Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner, Letícia Borfe, and Ryan Donald Burns

childhood is a multifactorial condition related to genetics, nutritional habits, and physical activity practice ( 35 ). In this context, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has also emerged as an independent determinant of weight status and overall cardiometabolic health in youth ( 18 ). It has been found that

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 33 (2021): Issue 2 (May 2021)

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in 8- to 15-Year-Old Boys

Anneke Kwee and Jack H. Wilmore

A sample of 399 boys, 8 to 15 years of age, underwent a comprehensive evaluation to determine the extent to which coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors are related to an estimate of cardiorespiratory fitness. The boys were divided into four groups on the basis of their directly measured VO2max. Significant differences were found between fitness groups for relative body fat, plasma triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure divided by height, with the higher fitness groups exhibiting substantially lower values. When covariance analyses were conducted, adjusting for differences in age and relative body fat, the differences in blood pressure were no longer statistically significant. No differences were found between fitness groups for total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, or the ratio of HDL/TC. It is concluded that there is not a strong relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and CAD risk factors in boys 8- to 15-years of age.

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In Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 2 (1990): Issue 4 (Jan 1990)