Recently, it has been suggested that sex may influence scapular kinematics. A more comprehensive analysis of the scapular kinematics in children and adults, including sex as a factor, will help to understand if differences between sexes are present since childhood. The purpose of this study was to compare scapular kinematics between sex in children and adults during elevation of the arm. One-hundred and sixteen asymptomatic adults (58 men and 58 women) and 53 children (28 boys and 25 girls) participated in the study. Three-dimensional scapular kinematics during elevation of the arm were obtained using an electromagnetic tracking device. Women had a more upwardly rotated scapula in the nondominant side (P < .05), with large effects and a more anteriorly tilted position at 60°, 90°, and 120° of arm elevation in the dominant side, and at 90° and 120° in the nondominant side (P < .05) with moderate effects when compared with men. Differences between sexes were not found in the children (P > .05). In conclusion, sex seems to influence scapular kinematics in adulthood, but not in childhood.
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Sex-Related Differences in Scapular Kinematics During Elevation of the Arm in Asymptomatic Children and Adults
Fernanda Assis Paes Habechian, Dayana Patricia Rosa, Melina Nevoeiro Haik, and Paula Rezende Camargo
Cycling Through Cancer: Exploring Childhood Cancer Survivors’ Experiences of Well- and Ill-Being
Shaunna M. Burke, Jennifer Brunet, Amanda Wurz, Christina Butler, and Andrea Utley
). These negative effects may lessen the likelihood that childhood cancer survivors will participate in health-promoting behaviors ( Ness, Wall, Oakes, Robison, & Gurney, 2006 ). Recent research shows that childhood cancer survivors engage in less physical activity (PA) than their healthy siblings ( Ford
Comparing Motor Competence of Sex- and Age-Matched Youth With Intellectual Disability From Brazil and the United States
Fabio Bertapelli, Ken Pitetti, Ruth A. Miller, Adam Jaeger, Michael Loovis, Wilson D. do Amaral-Junior, Marcos M. de Barros-Filho, and Gil Guerra-Junior
.12.004 Cioni , M. , Cocilovo , A. , Di Pasquale , F. , Araujo , M.B. , Siqueira , C.R. , & Bianco , M. ( 1994 ). Strength deficit of knee extensor muscles of individuals with down syndrome from childhood to adolescence . American Journal of Mental Retardation, 99 ( 2 ), 166 – 174 . PubMed ID
Development of Laterality and Bimanual Interference of Fine Motor Movements in Childhood and Adolescence
Brenda Carolina Nájera Chávez, Stefan Mark Rueckriegel, Roland Burghardt, and Pablo Hernáiz Driever
Drawing and handwriting are important fine motor skills acquired during childhood and adolescence. The process of writing can be analyzed from different perspectives ( Berninger & Chanquoy, 2012 ). In this study, the result of developing handwriting skills is seen as a hand motor activity producing
The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma, Exercise Addiction, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Basic Psychological Needs in Türkiye
Sema Gültekin Arayici and Serap Tekinsav Sutcu
practices, collectively contributing to the elevated vulnerability for exercise addiction among younger individuals ( Cabrita et al., 2018 ). Childhood Trauma and Exercise Addiction Childhood trauma, often associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences, represents a significant public health concern due to
Patterns of Specialization in Professional Baseball Players
Richard D. Ginsburg, Steven R. Smith, Nicole Danforth, T. Atilla Ceranoglu, Stephen A. Durant, Hayley Kamin, Rebecca Babcock, Lucy Robin, and Bruce Masek
Two developmental pathways to sport excellence have been described: early specialization and early sampling (Côté, Lidor, & Hackfort, 2009). Despite a common assumption that early specialization (defined as playing one sport exclusively and intensely before age 12) is a necessary precursor to success at the collegiate or professional levels, research to support this assumption remains unclear. To add to this literature, the current study was a survey of 708 minor league professional baseball players on the ages at which they began to specialize in their sport. Results indicated that most players sampled a diversity of sports up through late adolescence. Only 25% of players specialized before the age of 12 and the mean age of specialization was 15 years. Furthermore, those who specialized later were more likely to receive college scholarships. Finally, we examined patterns of specialization as a function of athletes’ home climate and culture. At least in this sample of professional minor league baseball players, an early sampling pathway seems to have fortified success at both the collegiate and professional levels.
Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness: Supporting Individuals With Childhood-Onset Disabilities
Myung Ha Sur
disabilities. However, it can pose difficulties to those unfamiliar with searching and interpreting empirical literature when applying it to real-life situations. The book Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness: Supporting Individuals With Childhood-Onset Disabilities, edited by Désirée B. Maltais and
Patterns of Movement Performance and Consistency From Childhood to Old Age
Jessica Prebor, Brittany Samulski, Cortney Armitano-Lago, and Steven Morrison
al., 2018 ; Vieluf et al., 2017 ; Williams et al., 2005 ). Furthermore, when individual reaction time values are plotted across the lifespan, a U-shaped curve is often observed with higher (slower/more variable) values in childhood, lower (faster/less variable) values in young adulthood, and higher
Development of Temporal and Spatial Bimanual Coordination During Childhood
Betteco J. de Boer, C. (Lieke) E. Peper, and Peter J. Beek
Developmental changes in bimanual coordination were examined in four age groups: 6/7, 10/11, 14/15 years, and young adults. Temporal coupling was assessed through the stabilizing contributions of interlimb interactions related to planning, error correction, and reflexes during rhythmic wrist movements, by comparing various unimanual and bimanual tasks involving passive and active movements. Spatial coupling was assessed via bimanual line-circle drawing. With increasing age, temporal stability improved. Relative contributions of planning and reflex interactions to the achieved stability did not change, whereas error correction improved. In-phase and antiphase coordination developed at similar rates; implications of this result were discussed in terms of mirror-activity inhibition. Overall spatial drawing performance (circularity, variability, smoothness) improved with age, and spatial interference was smaller in adults than children. Whereas temporal coupling increased from 6/7 years to adulthood, spatial coupling changed mainly after 14/15 years. This difference in the development of temporal and spatial coupling corresponds to the anterior-posterior direction of corpus callosum myelination as reported in the literature.
Exploring the Interaction of Disability Status and Childhood Predictors of Physical Activity and Sport Participation: An Exploratory Decision-Tree Analysis
Samantha M. Ross, Ellen Smit, Joonkoo Yun, Kathleen R. Bogart, Bridget E. Hatfield, and Samuel W. Logan
Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health—Child and Youth version (ICF-CY; WHO, 2007 ) framework. Figure 1 illustrates how childhood PA determinants map onto the ICF-CY framework (adapted from Rimmer, 2006 ; Ross et al., 2016 ). The ICF-CY models disability as a dynamic child
