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Although running is a common form of exercise for many men and women throughout the lifespan, competitive cross-country runners train at much higher loads and with greater demands than recreational runners. Competitive running also poses a unique set of physiological and psychological challenges

extension and flexion strength and will perform better on the hop tests and patient-reported outcomes than the ACLR-repair group, regardless of graft type. Methods Study Design This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a controlled laboratory setting as part of a large point-of-care collaborative

completely understood. 10 Given that subsensory noise is able to enhance the sensitivity of the human proprioception, it is of interest to examine how subsensory noise affects ACL injury risk in a fatigued state. Landing and cross-over cutting during sports activities impose high additional loads on the

shoulder-arm musculoskeletal syndromes in German office employees. 15 Therefore, the aims of this study were to cross-culturally adapt the original version of ULFI to the German language and to subsequently determine its psychometric properties of reliability, internal consistency, factor structure, and

Cross country ski racing is divided into classic and skating races, which both require different skills from athletes. One thing they have in common is the double poling action, occurring in combination with skating push-off or classic striding patterns, or in isolation, as the only propulsive

a sarcomere is based on a pioneering model by Huxley 7 ; the so-called “cross-bridge theory.” According to this prevailing theory, myosin heads attach to the actin filament, pulling it toward the M-line in the center of the sarcomere, thereby producing active force as the sarcomere shortens. Besides

development of Quick-FAAM and the evaluation of its psychometric properties. 6 – 8 Thus, there is a need to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Quick-FAAM scale in other populations and cultures to provide scientifically accurate and comprehensive foot and ankle PROs for comparisons between populations

usually formulated in English, targeted for use only in the English-speaking population. 13 To apply these evaluation tools to other languages, the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the proposed tool needs to be executed; otherwise, another surrogate measure should be developed. 14

function and performance of overhead athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the KJOC score and to analyze its validity, reliability, interpretability, and feasibility for its use in Spanish-speaking overhead athletes. Methods Design and Ethics This cross

and cultural adaptation of the FAST into the Persian language would be reliable and valid to administer to Iranian throwing athletes. Materials and Method Design This study was implemented in 2 phases, which consisted of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FAST into the Persian language