This study was designed to examine Ihe developmental differences in the speed and smoothness of arm movement during overarm throwing. The second purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether jerk is a useful measure in understanding children's overarm throwing. Fifty-one girls, aged 3 to 6 years, voluntarily participated in the study. Each subject threw tennis balls as hard as she could toward a large target on the wall. A 2-camera video system was used to obtain 3-D coordinates of the hand and ball using the DLT algorithm. The variables of velocity and jerk (for the hand and ball) served as the movement outcome measures. The age-associated differences in velocity and normalized jerk (absolute jerk standardized relative to movement time and distance) were examined by ANOVAs. The results supported the hypothesis that the older subjects demonstrated faster and smoother hand movements than their younger counterparts during the forward acceleration phase (from the beginning of forward motion to ball release). In addition, the correlation results indicated thai increased hand movement speed was associated with decreased movement jerk in older subjects, whereas increased hand speed was associated with increased jerk in younger subjects. The findings suggest that examining the jerk parameter (normalized or absolute jerk) is a useful and alternative approach to capture the variance of hand movement execution for children's overarm throwing.
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Normalized Jerk: A Measure to Capture Developmental Characteristics of Young Girls' Overarm Throwing
Jin H. Yan, Richard N. Hinrichs, V. Gregory Payne, and Jerry R. Thomas
Skeletal Muscle Adaptations and Passive Muscle Stiffness in Cerebral Palsy: A Literature Review and Conceptual Model
Alif Laila Tisha, Ashley Allison Armstrong, Amy Wagoner Johnson, and Citlali López-Ortiz
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Weighted Vest Loads Do Not Elicit Changes in Spatial-Temporal Gait Parameters in Children and Adolescents With Autism
Alyssa N. Olivas, Emily A. Chavez, and Jeffrey D. Eggleston
minimize distractions in children with pervasive developmental disorders. 5 In conjunction with treating the behavioral symptoms associated with ASD, contemporary research has shifted focus toward observed motor deficits in children with ASD. Although ASD is typically characterized by social and verbal
Automated Classification of Postural Control for Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease Using a Machine Learning Approach: A Preliminary Study
Yumeng Li, Shuqi Zhang, and Christina Odeh
understanding of PD postural control features. It could be beneficial for early diagnosis and early intervention to improve balance and prevent a cascade of developmental problems. Therefore, the purposes of the study were (1) to compare postural sway between participants with PD and healthy controls and (2) to
Characterizing the Compressive Force at L5/S1 During Patient Transfer From Bed to Wheelchair
Seyoung Lee, Kitaek Lim, and Woochol Joseph Choi
range for developmental lumbar spinal canal size . Quant Imaging Med Surg . 2016 ; 6 ( 6 ): 671 – 679 . doi: 10.21037/qims.2016.12.17 24. Mahmoudi K , Joon YK , Kihira S , et al . Body mass index correlates with skin to spinal canal distance: a large retrospective single-center study . J
Landing Biomechanics in Adolescent Athletes With and Without a History of Sports-Related Concussion
Jason M. Avedesian, Tracey Covassin, and Janet S. Dufek
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Trunk Postural Control Strategies Among Persons With Lower-Limb Amputation While Walking and Performing a Concurrent Task
Courtney M. Butowicz, Julian C. Acasio, and Brad D. Hendershot
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A Narrative Review of Personalized Musculoskeletal Modeling Using the Physiome and Musculoskeletal Atlas Projects
Justin Fernandez, Vickie Shim, Marco Schneider, Julie Choisne, Geoff Handsfield, Ted Yeung, Ju Zhang, Peter Hunter, and Thor Besier
variation is quite different in the pediatric population. Children and infants are not simply small adults for the purpose of model customization. Furthermore, conditions such as developmental hip dysplasia, cerebral palsy (CP), and slipped capital femoral epiphysis can lead to complex hip and knee
Efficacy of Integrating Cervical Posture Correction With Lumbar Stabilization Exercises for Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Randomized Blinded Clinical Trial
Aliaa M. Elabd, Salah-Eldin B. Rasslan, Haytham M Elhafez, Omar M. Elabd, Mohamed A. Behiry, and Ahmed I. Elerian
assessing low-back pain in the occupational setting a developmental model . Spine . 1991 ; 16 ( 6 ): 679 – 680 . doi:10.1097/00007632-199106000-00025 1830696 10.1097/00007632-199106000-00025 23. Yip CH , Chiu TT , Poon AT . The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of
Obese Youth Demonstrate Altered Landing Knee Mechanics Unrelated to Lower-Extremity Peak Torque When Compared With Healthy Weight Youth
Matthew S. Briggs, Claire Spech, Rachel King, Mike McNally, Matthew Paponetti, Sharon Bout-Tabaku, and Laura Schmitt
participants were recruited from community pediatric clinics and via flyer postings. Children were excluded for any prior or current developmental, neurologic, or orthopedic conditions that might affect their ability to jump on one leg. Participants arrived for a single session to the research laboratory
