Clinical Scenario Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is defined as interconnected symptoms including low energy availability with or without an eating disorder, menstrual dysfunction ranging from oligomenorrhea to amenorrhea, and compromised bone mineral density (BMD). 1 , 2 This syndrome is
Search Results
Does Supplemental Estrogen Improve Bone-Related Symptoms of Female Athlete Triad in Female Athletes? A Critically Appraised Topic
Elizabeth Hollenczer, Angelica Esposito, and Erin M. Moore
Quadriceps Function and Athletic Performance in Highly Trained Female Athletes
Frederick J. Henderson, Wakana Sasakabe, Kuwano Satoshi, Norihiro Shima, and Yohei Shimokochi
to perform as before and at a higher risk of reinjury. 2 , 8 Quadriceps dysfunction is problematic especially in female athletes because (1) the rate of ACL injuries among female athletes is up to nearly 4 times higher than among male athletes in college sports 10 and (2) female athletes are
Weak Hip Strength Increases Dynamic Knee Valgus in Single-Leg Tasks of Collegiate Female Athletes
Kyndell R. Crowell, Ryan D. Nokes, and Nicole L. Cosby
increase in the DKV angle during single-leg landing tasks. Focused Clinical Question (PICO) Is decreased hip strength associated with an increase in DKV during a single-leg landing task in collegiate female athletes? Search Strategy A computerized search was completed in June 2020. The search terms used
Relationship Between Knee Frontal Plane Projection Angle and Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Female Athletes
Luis Llurda-Almuzara, Max Canet-Vintró, Carlos López-de-Celis, Albert Perez-Bellmunt, Noé Labata-Lezaun, Ramón Aiguadé-Aiguadé, and Jacobo Rodriguez-Sanz
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a debilitating injury that affects both male and female athletes. 1 Incidence of female ACL is higher than males (males 4.35/100,000 athlete exposures; females 13.23/100,000 athlete exposures 2 ). Thus, research has been focusing on identifying ACL injury
ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete
Mary Lloyd Ireland, Michael Gaudette, and Scott Crook
The high rate of noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes has become a prominent and controversial subject. This article attempts to provide insight into this trend in athletic injuries. Anatomic, physiological, and biomechanical differences are discussed as possible causative factors. Epidemiological data regarding ACL injuries are reviewed, comparing the genders. The discussion also includes anecdotal findings that support current research. This review is intended to raise awareness of the problem and promote screening for risk factors and implementation of more thorough and aggressive preventive programs.
Does Neuromuscular Training Reduce the Risk of Lower-Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in High School Female Athletes With a History of Sport-Related Concussion?
April L. McPherson, Taylor M. Zuleger, Kim D. Barber Foss, Shayla M. Warren, Jennifer A. Hogg, Jed A. Diekfuss, and Gregory D. Myer
ligament injury risk factors. Adolescent female athletes (12–18 y old) were recruited from local area middle and high school athletic teams (basketball, soccer, and volleyball) prior to the start of the competitive season (Figure 1 ). Participants were physically able to participate in their sport and
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening Tools to Detect Eating Disorders in Female Athletes
Alyssa J. Wagner, Casey D. Erickson, Dayna K. Tierney, Megan N. Houston, and Cailee E. Welch Bacon
Clinical Scenario:
Eating disorders in female athletes are a commonly underdiagnosed condition. Better screening tools for eating disorders in athletic females could help increase diagnosis and help athletes get the treatment they need.
Focused Clinical Question:
Should screening tools be used to detect eating disorders in female athletes?
Summary of Key Findings:
The literature was searched for studies that included information regarding the sensitivity and specificity of screening tools for eating disorders in female athletes. The search returned 5 possible articles related to the clinical question; 3 studies met the inclusion criteria (2 cross-sectional studies, 1 cohort study) and were included. All 3 studies reported sensitivity and specificity for the Athletic Milieu Direct Questionnaire version 2, the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire version 2, and the Physiologic Screening Test to Detect Eating Disorders Among Female Athletes. All 3 studies found that the respective screening tool was able to accurately identify female athletes with eating disorders; however, the screening tools varied in sensitivity and specificity values.
Clinical Bottom Line:
There is strong evidence to support the use of screening tools to detect eating disorders in female athletes. Screening tools with higher sensitivity and specificity have demonstrated a successful outcome of determining athletes with eating disorders or at risk for developing an eating disorder.
Strength of Recommendation:
There is grade A evidence available to demonstrate that screening tools accurately detect female athletes at risk for eating disorders.
Comparison of Lower Extremity Emg Between the 2-Leg Squat and Modified Single-Leg Squat in Female Athletes
Kevin McCurdy, Erin O’Kelley, Matt Kutz, George Langford, James Ernest, and Marcos Torres
Purpose:
To compare EMG activity of selected hip and knee muscle groups in female athletes performing a modified single-leg squat and the 2-leg squat using the same relative intensity.
Methods:
Eleven Division I female athletes from a variety of sports (soccer, softball, and track) completed the study. EMG measurements were taken as the subjects completed 3 parallel repetitions at 85% of their 3-repetition maximum on each exercise. Mean and mean peak EMG data from the gluteus medius, hamstrings, and quadriceps and the quadriceps:hamstrings EMG ratio were compared between the 2 exercises.
Results:
Statistically higher mean (P < .01) and mean peak (P < .05) gluteus medius and mean and mean peak (P < .01) hamstring EMG activity occurred during the modified single-leg squat. The 2-leg squat produced higher mean and mean peak (P < .05) quadriceps activity and a higher quadriceps:hamstrings EMG ratio (P < .01).
Conclusion:
Muscle-recruitment patterns appear to differ between the 2 types of squat exercises when performed at the same relative intensity by female athletes.
Late Activation of the Vastus Medialis in Determining the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Soccer Players
Nicola Marotta, Andrea Demeco, Gerardo de Scorpio, Angelo Indino, Teresa Iona, and Antonio Ammendolia
Female athletes’ risk of sustaining a noncontact ACL injury is 3.5 times more than male athletes. 1 Hunt Valley symposium in 1999 showed that there is no consensus on anatomic risk factors, there are insufficient data to relate lower-extremity alignment to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
Effects of Hypopressive Exercise on Posterior Back Chain Kinematics and Pulmonary Function in Professional Female Basketball Players
Sonia L. Teijido, Tamara Rial Rebullido, Cinta Gómez-Tomás, Diego A. Alonso-Aubin, and Iván Chulvi-Medrano
female athletes. Our findings did not show significant improvements in almost all of the spirometric outcomes except for peak expiratory flow, FEV 1 , and FEV 0.25 . These results are possible due to the high-level ventilatory performance in an athletic population and/or to the low intensity of the HE
