This study investigated the movement preparation (reaction time) and movement execution (movement time) of children with and without ADHD by manipulating the uncertainty of occurrence. Participants performed a seated lower extremity choice response time protocol, which contained either 10% catch trials or 30% catch trials along with 27 empirical stimuli to one of three target directions. Results indicated that children with ADHD were significantly slower at processing lower extremity movements than their peers for the condition with increased number of catch trials, but not the condition with fewer catch trials. These findings suggest that children with ADHD are more affected by the uncertainty of an empirical stimulus during the preparation phase of a movement response than their age-matched peers are.
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Lower Extremity Movement Preparation and Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Scott J. Pedersen and Paul R. Surburg
Fractionated Lower Extremity Response Time Performance in Boys with and Without ADHD
Scott J. Pedersen, Paul R. Surburg, Matthew Heath, and David M. Koceja
The purpose was to investigate central and peripheral processing mechanisms through the use of electromyography (EMG) to determine differences between the performance of children with and without ADHD on a lower extremity choice response time task. Sixteen children with ADHD were tested on and off medication along with 19 children without ADHD. For premotor time, the comparison group performed significantly faster than children with ADHD. The longer latencies exhibited in central processing of children with ADHD were related to midline crossing inhibition (MCI). Medication improved the speed of processing for children with ADHD, but did not negate MCI.
The Impact of Blade Technology on Paralympic Sprint Performance Between 1996 and 2016: Bilateral Amputees’ Competitive Advantage
Yetsa A. Tuakli-Wosornu, Xiang Li, Kimberly E. Ona Ayala, Yinfei Wu, Michael Amick, and David B. Frumberg
lower-extremity amputee sprinter (Oliveira) winning against unilateral lower-extremity amputee sprinters in the same race. Adam Davy/PA Images via Getty Images. As Paralympic participation expands, it is important to clearly and definitively understand the impact of prosthetic technology on sprint
Effects of an Exercise Therapy Targeting Knee Kinetics on Pain, Function, and Gait Kinetics in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Hamid Reza Bokaeian, Fateme Esfandiarpour, Shahla Zahednejad, Hossein Kouhzad Mohammadi, and Farzam Farahmand
treatments, including yoga exercise and MT gait (YogaMT) training, knee muscle strengthening (KMS), and treadmill walking (TMW). The gait analysis measures include not only the KAM but also the adduction and flexion moments in all lower-extremity joints. And, finally, several standard functional tests are
Assessing Midline Crossing Ability in Adults with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy
Colleen A. Lewis and Paul R. Surburg
The purpose of this study was to determine if adults with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) display midline crossing inhibition (MCI) in the lower extremity as measured by choice reaction time (CRT) and movement time (MT) as compared to participants without disabilities. Midline crossing ability was assessed in the standing position using a protocol developed by Eason and Surburg (1993). Both groups were significantly slower in the contralateral direction as compared to the ipsilateral and midline direction as measured by CRT. Results revealed that adults with CP were significantly slower in CRT and MT tasks as compared to participants without disabilities. Assessment of midline crossing ability may provide useful information related to assessment and subsequent treatment as individuals with CP age.
Is Physical Activity Associated With Physical Performance in Adults With Intellectual Disability?
Jian Xu, Poram Choi, Robert W. Motl, and Stamatis Agiovlasitis
, 2012 ; Oppewal, Hilgenkamp, van Wijck, & Evenhuis, 2013 ). Lower-extremity physical functioning can be evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which has been applied to a wide range of populations, including community-dwelling older adults, adults with multiple sclerosis, and
Exploring the Influence of Wheelchair-User Interface and Personal Characteristics on Ischial Tuberosity Peak Pressure Index and Gradient in Elite Wheelchair Basketball Players
Joseph Peters, Ian Rice, and Tyson Bull
pressure and shear at the ischial tuberosities of WBB players during stationary and propulsive conditions. The personal factors included athletic classification, age, gender, BMI, and lower-extremity sensation. The wheelchair factors included backrest height, seat dump, and cushion type. The researchers
Locomotor Adaptations During RaceRunning in People With Neurological Motor Disorders
Mohsen Shafizadeh, Nicola Theis, and Keith Davids
of mass ( Bobbert, Schamhardt, & Nigg, 1991 ). Specifically, tibia acceleration in those with a rearfoot strike pattern contains low frequency ranges, representing lower extremity motion and vertical acceleration of the center of mass during the stance phase ( Gruber et al., 2014 ). Conversely
Yoga Practices as an Alternative Training for Physical Fitness in Children With Visual Impairment
Soubhagyalaxmi Mohanty, Balaram Pradhan, and Alex Hankey
beneficial effects on flexibility by increasing the length of both connective and muscle tissues. Increase in flexibility reduces the lower extremity injuries ( Hartig & Henderson, 1999 ) as impaired visual acuity enhances the risk of fall and injuries ( de Boer et al., 2004 ); finding of this study may
Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Three Modes of Treadmill Exercise in Older Adults With Parkinson’s Disease
Brandon R. Rigby, Ronald W. Davis, Marco A. Avalos, Nicholas A. Levine, Kevin A. Becker, and David L. Nichols
’s disease . NeuroRehabilitation, 20 , 183 – 190 . PubMed ID: 16340099 Protas , E.J. , Stanley , R. , Jankovic , J. , & MacNeill , B. ( 1996 ). Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to upper- and lower-extremity exercise in men with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease . Physical Therapy, 76 , 34
