these compounds could be recommended to athletes. Abbreviations: CFU = colony forming units; DOMS = delayed onset muscle soreness; GIT = gastrointestinal tract; mTBI = mild traumatic brain injury; PCr = phosphorylcreatine; PTH = parathyroid hormone; RDA = recommended dietary allowance; URTI = upper
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Dietary Supplements for Health, Adaptation, and Recovery in Athletes
Eric S. Rawson, Mary P. Miles, and D. Enette Larson-Meyer
The Dynamic Exertion Test for Sport-Related Concussion: A Comparison of Athletes at Return-to-Play and Healthy Controls
Victoria Kochick, Aaron M. Sinnott, Shawn R. Eagle, Indira R. Bricker, Michael W. Collins, Anne Mucha, Christopher Connaboy, and Anthony P. Kontos
Purpose: To describe the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) by comparing physiological, performance, and clinical outcomes between athletes medically cleared following sport-related concussion (SRC) and healthy controls. Methods: One hundred four (female = 41, 39.4%) participants (14–21 y of age) including 52 medically cleared for return to play at 21.48 (15.40) days following SRC and 52 healthy athletes completed the EXiT involving (1) 12-minute aerobic component and (2) 18-minute dynamic component including 2 functional movement and 5 change-of-direction (COD) tasks. Physiological (heart rate and blood pressure), clinical (endorsed symptoms and rating of perceived exertion), and performance (COD-task completion time and errors) outcomes were collected throughout EXiT. Participants also completed the Postconcussion Symptom Scale and vestibular/ocular motor screening before EXiT. Independent-samples t tests were used to compare groups on resting heart rate and blood pressure, COD-task completion time, and Mann–Whitney U tests on Postconcussion Symptom Scale, vestibular/ocular motor screening, and EXiT symptoms, rating of perceived exertion, and errors. Results: COD-task completion time and resting systolic blood pressure and heart rate were similar between groups (P > .05). SRC reported greater rating of perceived exertion during the aerobic component (P < .05) and lower total dizziness (P = .003) and total symptoms (P = .021) during EXiT and had lower near point of convergence distance (P < .001) and total symptoms (P = .007) for vestibular/ocular motor screening than healthy athletes. Conclusion: Physiological, performance, and clinical EXiT outcomes were equivocal between athletes at medical clearance following SRC and healthy controls. The multidomain EXiT may help to inform safe return-to-play decision making post-SRC.
Changes in Choice Reaction Time During and After 8 Days Exhaustive Cycling Are Not Related to Changes in Physical Performance
Twan ten Haaf, Selma van Staveren, Danilo Iannetta, Bart Roelands, Romain Meeusen, Maria F. Piacentini, Carl Foster, Leo Koenderman, Hein A.M. Daanen, and Jos J. de Koning
subject was excluded from analyses because of a mild traumatic brain injury during preparation for the TFL. 18 The coefficient of variation of incremental cycling performance during pre TFL was 1.6%, meaning a smallest worthwhile change of 0.5%. This resulted in 14 subjects classified as FOR and 14 as AF
Examining Youth American Football Coaches’ Knowledge of, and Attitudes Toward, Sport Concussions
Sean H. Kerr, Tiffanye M. Vargas, Mimi Nakajima, and Jim Becker
brain injury (TBI) or mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI). According to Rosenbaum and Arnett ( 2010 , p. 6): The Concussion Attitudes Index scores were correlated with the total scores on the Marlowe–Crowne using Pearson product moment correlational analyses. The results suggested a statistically
Effects of Foot-Strike Patterns on Biomarkers S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B/Neuron-Specific Enolase in Running—A Pilot Study
Jan Schroeder, Franziska Erthel, and Karsten Hollander
concussion discussion among sports medicine experts, our data do not suggest to suspect heal strike to be associated with elevated risks for the development of chronic mild traumatic brain injuries in comparison with forefoot running. Thus, we recommend runners to make their free decision about the
A Qualitative Study of Youth Football Coaches’ Perception of Concussion Safety in American Youth Football and Their Experiences With Implementing Tackling Interventions
Kelly Sarmiento, Dana Waltzman, Kelley Borradaile, Andrew Hurwitz, Kara Conroy, and Jaimie Grazi
A concussion, sometimes referred to as a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or a hit to the body causing the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019 ; Menon, Schwab, Wright, & Maas, 2010
Predictive Contribution of the Superficial Neck Muscles to Short-Latency Rate of Force Development of the Head and Neck
Lucie Pelland, Ian A. Gilchrist, Wissal Mesfar, Jonathan Lommen, and Kodjo Moglo
activities on the risk of mild traumatic brain injury in American football . J Biomech Eng . 2017 ; 139 ( 10 ): 101002 . doi:10.1115/1.4037399 7. Eckner JT , Oh YK , Joshi MS , et al . Effect of neck muscle strength and anticipatory cervical muscle activation on the kinematic response of the head
Nutritional Supplements and the Brain
Romain Meeusen and Lieselot Decroix
mild traumatic brain injury. Animal studies and (pre)clinical studies show that DHA might have a positive effect on the outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury. However, there is a need for well-controlled studies before LCPUFA supplementation can be advised as a therapeutic or preventative measure
Training and Competition Loads in Women’s Rugby Sevens Athletes: Are There Implications for Cardiovascular Health?
Luca Napoli, Stuart Semple, and Andrew J. McKune
received around 0.4 times per minute. 3 High-speed collisions performed by athletes make them susceptible to vascular injuries. 27 Research using animal models show that repetitive impacts resulting in mild traumatic brain injuries can increase systemic inflammation resulting in deleterious effects on
Season-Long Heart-Rate Variability Tracking Reveals Autonomic Imbalance in American College Football Players
Andrew A. Flatt, Jeff R. Allen, Clay M. Keith, Matthew W. Martinez, and Michael R. Esco
:10.1096/fj.15-279588 10.1096/fj.15-279588 26316270 27. Bailes JE , Petraglia AL , Omalu BI , Nauman E , Talavage T . Role of subconcussion in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury . J Neurosurg . 2013 ; 119 ( 5 ): 1235 – 1245 . PubMed ID: 23971952 doi:10.3171/2013.7.JNS121822
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