symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury . Appl Neuropsychol Adult . 2016 ; 23 ( 6 ): 426 – 435 . PubMed ID: 27183274 doi:10.1080/23279095.2016.1172229 27183274 10.1080/23279095.2016.1172229 34. Bramley H , Henson A , Lewis MM , Kong L , Stetter C , Silvis M . Sleep disturbance
Search Results
Identification of Postconcussion Dual-Task Gait Abnormalities Using Normative Reference Values
David R. Howell, Thomas A. Buckley, Brant Berkstresser, Francis Wang, and William P. Meehan III
Experimental Evaluation of Softball Protective Headgear for Defensive Play
John Strickland and Grant Bevill
. Gadd CW . Use of a weighted-impulse criterion for estimating injury hazard . Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference ; SAE 660793. 1966 . 15. Iwamoto M , Kimpara H . Mild traumatic brain injury predictors based on angular accelerations during impacts . Ann Biomed Eng . 2012 ; 40
The Influence of Hard Hat Design Features on Head Acceleration Attenuation
Arthur Alves Dos Santos, James Sorce, Alexandra Schonning, and Grant Bevill
head kinematics in football impacts: an injury risk function for concussion . Ann Biomed Eng . 2012 ; 40 ( 1 ): 1 – 13 . PubMed ID: 22012081 doi:10.1007/s10439-011-0392-4 22012081 10.1007/s10439-011-0392-4 32. Zhang L , Yang KH , King AI . A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain
Validation of a Noninvasive System for Measuring Head Acceleration for Use during Boxing Competition
Jonathan G. Beckwith, Jeffrey J. Chu, and Richard M. Greenwald
Although the epidemiology and mechanics of concussion in sports have been investigated for many years, the biomechanical factors that contribute to mild traumatic brain injury remain unclear because of the difficulties in measuring impact events in the field. The purpose of this study was to validate an instrumented boxing headgear (IBH) that can be used to measure impact severity and location during play. The instrumented boxing headgear data were processed to determine linear and rotational acceleration at the head center of gravity, impact location, and impact severity metrics, such as the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Gadd Severity Index (GSI). The instrumented boxing headgear was fitted to a Hybrid III (HIII) head form and impacted with a weighted pendulum to characterize accuracy and repeatability. Fifty-six impacts over 3 speeds and 5 locations were used to simulate blows most commonly observed in boxing. A high correlation between the HIII and instrumented boxing headgear was established for peak linear and rotational acceleration (r 2 = 0.91), HIC (r 2 = 0.88), and GSI (r 2 = 0.89). Mean location error was 9.7 ± 5.2°. Based on this study, the IBH is a valid system for measuring head acceleration and impact location that can be integrated into training and competition.
A Six Degree of Freedom Head Acceleration Measurement Device for Use in Football
Steven Rowson, Jonathan G. Beckwith, Jeffrey J. Chu, Daniel S. Leonard, Richard M. Greenwald, and Stefan M. Duma
The high incidence rate of concussions in football provides a unique opportunity to collect biomechanical data to characterize mild traumatic brain injury. The goal of this study was to validate a six degree of freedom (6DOF) measurement device with 12 single-axis accelerometers that uses a novel algorithm to compute linear and angular head accelerations for each axis of the head. The 6DOF device can be integrated into existing football helmets and is capable of wireless data transmission. A football helmet equipped with the 6DOF device was fitted to a Hybrid III head instrumented with a 9 accelerometer array. The helmet was impacted using a pneumatic linear impactor. Hybrid III head accelerations were compared with that of the 6DOF device. For all impacts, peak Hybrid III head accelerations ranged from 24 g to 176 g and 1,506 rad/s2 to 14,431 rad/s2. Average errors for peak linear and angular head acceleration were 1% ± 18% and 3% ± 24%, respectively. The average RMS error of the temporal response for each impact was 12.5 g and 907 rad/s2.
Drop Landing Biomechanics in Individuals With and Without a Concussion History
Eric J. Shumski, Tricia M. Kasamatsu, Kathleen S. Wilson, and Derek N. Pamukoff
. 2017 ; 47 ( 5 ): 1003 – 1010 . PubMed ID: 27544666 doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0607-9 10.1007/s40279-016-0607-9 27544666 28. Sosnoff JJ , Broglio SP , Shin S , Ferrara MS . Previous mild traumatic brain injury and postural-control dynamics . J Athl Train . 2011 ; 46 ( 1 ): 85 – 91 . PubMed ID
The Concussion Clinic: A Practical, Evidence-Based Model for Assessment and Management of Sport-Related Concussion
Michael McCrea and Matthew R. Powell
This article reviews the essential components of a practical, evidenced-based approach to the management of sport-related concussion in an ambulatory care setting. The model presented is based on the core philosophy that concussion assessment and management be approached from the biopsychosocial perspective, which recognizes the medical/physiological, psychological, and sociological factors that influence recovery and outcome following concussion. Based on the biopsychosocial paradigm, we outline a care delivery model that emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach in which the clinical neuropsychologist is a key participant. We discuss the importance of nonmedical, psychoeducational interventions introduced during the acute phase to facilitate recovery after sport-related concussion. Finally, using the local experience of our “Concussion Clinic” as a backdrop, we offer two separate case studies that demonstrate the value of this model in evaluating and managing athletes after sport-related concussion. The overall objective of this paper is to provide an adaptable template that neuropsychologists and other healthcare providers can use to improve the overall care of athletes with sport-related concussion and civilians with mild traumatic brain injury.
A Model of Current Best Practice for Managing Concussion in University Athletes: The University of Toronto Approach
Paul Comper, Michael Hutchison, Doug Richards, and Lynda Mainwaring
Along with the ever growing awareness among the scientific community and the general public that concussion is a serious health care issue at all levels of sport, with potentially devastating long term health effects, the number of concussion surveillance clinical monitoring programs has significantly increased internationally over the past 10–15 years. An effective concussion program (a “best practice” model) is clinically prudent and evidence-based, one that is an interdisciplinary model involving health professionals who manage, educate, and provide psychosocial support to athletes. The integration of neuropsychological assessment is a component of many present day programs, and therefore, the neuropsychologist is an integral member of the concussion management team. The University of Toronto Concussion Program, operational since 1999, integrates best practices and current evidence into a working model of concussion management for university athletes. The model uses an interdisciplinary approach to monitor and assess athletes with concussions, as well as to educate its athletes, coaches, and administrators. A research component is also integral to the program.
Examining Emotional Sequelae of Sport Concussion
Lynda Mainwaring, Michael Hutchison, Paul Camper, and Doug Richards
Depression, fatigue, irritability, confusion, and general mood disturbance are frequently reported after cerebral concussion in sport. Recent trends in research point to the importance of examining postconcussive emotional disturbances more thoroughly, empirically, and clinically. An overview of the complexity of human emotion and its study is provided herein, followed by a review of emotional correlates identified in the existing sparse literature. The significance and clinical implications of identifying emotional correlates of concussion in sport and athletics are discussed.
Sport as Laboratory: Lessons Learned From Baseline and Postconcussion Assessment Research
Lynda Mainwaring, Paul Comper, Michael Hutchison, and Doug Richards
Knowledge and awareness of sport concussion has been forwarded by research modeled on the neuropsychological testing paradigm associated with Barth’s “sport as laboratory” assessment model. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate lessons learned from that research. Key considerations for planning and implementing large-scale studies of concussion in sport while making adequate provision for the clinical needs of concussed athletes are reviewed. Toward that end, logistical, methodological, and ethical considerations are discussed within the context of research conducted in a university setting. Topics addressed include culture of sport and risk; research planning and design; communication with strategic partners; defining injury; choosing a test battery; data management, outcomes, and analyses; dissemination of results; and finally, clinical and ethical implications that may arise during the research enterprise. The paper concludes with a summary of the main lessons learned and directions for future research.