reaction that leads to the association of physical activity with pleasurable feelings. 6 Kimiecik and Harris 8 indicated that physical activity enjoyment affects participants’ attitude, satisfaction, and motivation. Motivation resulting from SSGs as a training method can effectively promote physical
Search Results
Verbal Encouragement Improves Game Intensity, Technical Aspects, and Psychological Responses During Soccer-Specific Training
Okba Selmi, Danielle E. Levitt, Bilel Aydi, Waad Ferhi, and Anissa Bouassida
The Impact of Sleep Inertia on Physical, Cognitive, and Subjective Performance Following a 1- or 2-Hour Afternoon Nap in Semiprofessional Athletes
Georgia Romyn, Gregory D. Roach, Michele Lastella, Dean J. Miller, Nathan G. Versey, and Charli Sargent
(small) Motivation, a units 2, 132 7.05 .001 .10 (medium) 6, 132 1.00 .428 .04 (small) Expected performance, a units 2, 132 5.70 .004 .08 (medium) 6, 132 0.43 .856 .02 (small) Sleepiness, a units 2, 132 4.73 .010 .07 (medium) 6, 132 1.20 .310 .05 (small) Whole-body fatigue, a units 2, 132 0
Mental Rehearsal Improves Passing Skill and Stress Resilience in Rugby Players
C. Martyn Beaven, Liam P. Kilduff, and Christian J. Cook
response to a subsequent physical stress). Previous research with professional rugby players has demonstrated that the presentation of 4-minute videos can positively influence hormone responses and weight lifting performance and suggested an effect of hormones on an athlete’s motivation to perform. 14
Player Wellness (Soreness and Stress) and Injury in Elite Junior Australian Football Players Over 1 Season
Timothy J.H. Lathlean, Paul B. Gastin, Stuart V. Newstead, and Caroline F. Finch
workload patterns as risk factors for tendon, muscle, bone and joint injuries . Br J Sports Med . 2015 ; 49 ( 16 ): 1064 – 1068 . PubMed ID: 25755276 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093683 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093683 25755276 13. McIntosh AS . Risk compensation, motivation, injuries, and biomechanics in
The Acute Effect of Various Feedback Approaches on Sprint Performance, Motivation, and Affective Mood States in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Larissa Di Bella, Kenji Doma, Wade Heath Sinclair, and Jonathan Douglas Connor
performance, 4 , 7 , 8 providing the same type of AUG-FB repeatedly may also introduce boredom and increase athlete-coach dependency, which may impede the effort by the athlete. 11 Encouraging a competitive environment may improve the level of motivation and is a key mechanism proposed for successful
The Effect of Speed, Power, and Strength Training and a Group Motivational Presentation on Physiological Markers of Athlete Readiness: A Case Study in Professional Rugby
Benjamin G. Serpell, Joshua Strahorn, Carmen Colomer, Andrew McKune, Christian Cook, and Kate Pumpa
, due to the interconnected nature of these hormones, they may be examined relative to each other using the ratio of testosterone to cortisol (T:C). 5 Prior research has examined the effects of physical (SPS training) or psychosocial (motivational videos and presentations) stimuli on testosterone and
Improvement of 10-km Time-Trial Cycling With Motivational Self-Talk Compared With Neutral Self-Talk
Martin J. Barwood, Jo Corbett, Christopher R.D. Wagstaff, Dan McVeigh, and Richard C. Thelwell
Purpose:
Unpleasant physical sensations during maximal exercise may manifest themselves as negative cognitions that impair performance, alter pacing, and are linked to increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE). This study examined whether motivational self-talk (M-ST) could reduce RPE and change pacing strategy, thereby enhancing 10-km time-trial (TT) cycling performance in contrast to neutral self-talk (N-ST).
Methods:
Fourteen men undertook 4 TTs, TT1–TT4. After TT2, participants were matched into groups based on TT2 completion time and underwent M-ST (n = 7) or N-ST (n = 7) after TT3. Performance, power output, RPE, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were compared across 1-km segments using ANOVA. Confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for performance data.
Results:
After TT3 (ie, before intervention), completion times were not different between groups (M-ST, 1120 ± 113 s; N-ST, 1150 ± 110 s). After M-ST, TT4 completion time was faster (1078 ± 96 s); the N-ST remained similar (1165 ± 111 s). The M-ST group achieved this through a higher power output and VO2 in TT4 (6th–10th km). RPE was unchanged. CI data indicated the likely true performance effect lay between 13- and 71-s improvement (TT4 vs TT3).
Conclusion:
M-ST improved endurance performance and enabled a higher power output, whereas N-ST induced no change. The VO2 response matched the increase in power output, yet RPE was unchanged, thereby inferring a perceptual benefit through M-ST. The valence and content of self-talk are important determinants of the efficacy of this intervention. These findings are primarily discussed in the context of the psychobiological model of pacing.
Recovery of Voluntary and Evoked Muscle Performance Following Intermittent-Sprint Exercise in the Heat
Rob Duffield, Monique King, and Melissa Skein
Purpose:
This study investigated the effects of hot conditions on the acute recovery of voluntary and evoked muscle performance and physiological responses following intermittent exercise.
Methods:
Seven youth male and six female team-sport athletes performed two sessions separated by 7 d, involving a 30-min exercise protocol and 60-min passive recovery in either 22°C or 33°C and 40% relative humidity. The exercise protocol involved a 20-s maximal sprint every 5 min, separated by constant-intensity exercise at 100 W on a cycle ergometer. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and a resting evoked twitch (Pf) of the right knee extensors were assessed before and immediately following exercise and again 15, 30, and 60 min post exercise, and capillary blood was obtained at the same time points to measure lactate, pH, and HCO3. During and following exercise, core temperature, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured.
Results:
No differences (P = 0.73 to 0.95) in peak power during repeated sprints were present between conditions. Post exercise MVC was reduced (P < .05) in both conditions and a moderate effect size (d = 0.60) indicated a slower percentage MVC recovered by 60 min in the heat (83 ± 10 vs 74 ± 11% recovered). Both heart rate and core temperature were significantly higher (P < .05) during recovery in the heat. Capillary blood values did not differ between conditions at any time point, whereas sessional RPE was higher 60 min post exercise in the heat.
Conclusions:
The current data suggests that passive recovery in warm temperatures not only delays cardiovascular and thermal recovery, but may also slow the recovery of MVC and RPE.
Talent Identification and Specialization in Sport: An Overview of Some Unanswered Questions
Carlos E.B. Gonçalves, Luís M.L. Rama, and António B. Figueiredo
The theory of deliberate practice postulates that experts are always made, not born. This theory translated to the youth-sport domain means that if athletes want to be high-level performers, they need to deliberately engage in practice during the specialization years, spending time wisely and always focusing on tasks that challenge current performance. Sport organizations in several countries around the world created specialized training centers where selected young talents practice under the supervision of experienced coaches in order to become professional athletes and integrate onto youth national teams. Early specialization and accurate observation by expert coaches or scouts remain the only tools to find a potential excellent athlete among a great number of participants. In the current study, the authors present 2 of the problems raised by talent search and the risks of such a search. Growth and maturation are important concepts to better understand the identification, selection, and development processes of young athletes. However, the literature suggests that sport-promoting strategies are being maintained despite the increased demands in the anthropometric characteristics of professional players and demands of actual professional soccer competitions. On the other hand, identifying biological variables that can predict performance is almost impossible.
Pacing and Self-regulation: Important Skills for Talent Development in Endurance Sports
Marije T. Elferink-Gemser and Florentina J. Hettinga
Pacing has been characterized as a multifaceted goal-directed process of decision making in which athletes need to decide how and when to invest their energy during the race, a process essential for optimal performance. Both physiological and psychological characteristics associated with adequate pacing and performance are known to develop with age. Consequently, the multifaceted skill of pacing might be under construction throughout adolescence, as well. Therefore, the authors propose that the complex skill of pacing is a potential important performance characteristic for talented youth athletes that needs to be developed throughout adolescence. To explore whether pacing is a marker for talent and how talented athletes develop this skill in middle-distance and endurance sports, they aim to bring together literature on pacing and literature on talent development and self-regulation of learning. Subsequently, by applying the cyclical process of self-regulation to pacing, they propose a practical model for the development of performance in endurance sports in youth athletes. Not only is self-regulation essential throughout the process of reaching the long-term goal of athletic excellence, but it also seems crucial for the development of pacing skills within a race and the development of a refined performance template based on previous experiences. Coaches and trainers are advised to incorporate pacing as a performance characteristic in their talent-development programs by stimulating their athletes to reflect, plan, monitor, and evaluate their races on a regular basis to build performance templates and, as such, improve their performance.
