One area of concern and importance for athletic trainers working with competitive athletes undergoing injury rehabilitation is enhancing and sustaining the athletes’ motivation throughout the rehabilitation process. 1 Ideally, the idea of returning to competition is a strong enough motivator for
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Applying the Sport Commitment Model to Sport Injury Rehabilitation
Windee M. Weiss
The Use of Imagery by Athletes during Injury Rehabilitation
Carla Sordoni, Craig Hall, and Lorie Forwell
Objectives:
To determine whether athletes use motivational and cognitive imagery during injury rehabilitation and to develop an instrument for measuring imagery use.
Design:
A survey concerning imagery use during rehabilitation was administered to injured athletes.
Setting:
The Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic in London, Ontario, Canada.
Participants:
Injured athletes (N = 71) receiving physiotherapy.
Main Outcome Measure:
The Athletic Injury Imagery Questionnaire (AIIQ).
Results:
As hypothesized, 2 distinct factors emerged from the items on the AIIQ: motivational and cognitive imagery. Motivational imagery was used more often than cognitive imagery in this context, yet less frequently than in other sport situations (eg, training and competition).
Conclusions:
The study indicates that the AIIQ is a potentially useful tool through which physiotherapists and sport psychologists can examine athletes' use of imagery in injury rehabilitation.
Factors Affecting the Treatment of Stress Fractures in Athletes: An Analysis of the Literature
Susan K. Verscheure and Marc R. Hoefelein
Stress fractures are a common overuse injury among athletes. Repetitive loading during weight bearing causes a broad range of stress reactions, from increased bone remodeling to painful fractures. The literature indicates that such injuries are usually treated conservatively with rest or immobilization, but a more aggressive, surgical approach to treatment of stress fractures has also been reported. This study was designed to identify the factors that influence the decision to treat an athlete surgically or conservatively. An analysis of 28 articles was performed. A cross-tabulation design was used to compare 4 categories with the treatment chosen. The categories included severity, anatomical location, and type of stress fracture, as well as the athletic motivation of the individual. All 4 factors were found to influence the treatment of choice, although it was remarkable that only athletes who demonstrated high athletic motivation were treated surgically.
The Influence of the Motivational Climate on Rehabilitation Behaviors and Patient Satisfaction
Rachel E. Brinkman-Majewski and Windee M. Weiss
In any achievement setting, the motivational climate is the physical and psychological environment created by influential individuals such as teachers, coaches, or athletic trainers. 1 The motivational climate is developed through the use of situational cues, expectations, feedback, and reward. 1
Sports Specialization, Physical Literacy, and Physical Activity Levels in Young Adults
Chloe McKay, Johanna M. Hoch, Matthew C. Hoch, and Deirdre Dlugonski
motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life.” 11 This concept shows the link between motor competence, confidence to participate, and knowledge and understanding of physical activity to health and
Return to Sport after Serious Injury: A Retrospective Examination of Motivation and Psychological Outcomes
Leslie Podlog and Robert C. Eklund
Context:
It is argued in self-determination theory that the motivation underlying behavior has implications for health and well-being independent of the behavior itself.
Objective:
To examine associations between athlete motivations for returning to sport after injury and perceived psychological return-to-sport outcomes.
Design:
A correlational survey design was employed to obtain data in Canada, Australia, and England.
Participants:
Elite and subelite athletes (N = 180) with injuries requiring a minimum 2-month absence from sport participation.
Main Outcome Measures:
Participants completed an inventory measuring perceptions of motivation to return to sport from a serious injury and psychological return-to-sport outcomes.
Results:
Correlational analyses revealed that intrinsic motivations for returning to competition were associated with a positive renewed perspective on sport participation. Conversely, extrinsic motivations for returning to sport were associated with increased worry and concern.
Conclusions:
The motivation underlying return to sport might play an important role in return-to-sport perceptions among elite and subelite athletes.
The Influence of Athletic Identity, Passion, and Perceptions of Severity of Concussions on Athletes’ Willingness to Report Concussion Symptoms
Eric M. Martin, Megan Byrd, Adriana Amador, Emma Ridenhour, and Carolena Charalambous
Context: The influence of several psychological characteristics on the willingness of athletes to report concussion behaviors has not been well explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand how athletic identity and sport passion predicted participants’ willingness to report symptoms above what was explained by athlete demographics, concussion knowledge, and perceived seriousness of concussions. Design: The study was cross-sectional. Methods: Three-hundred and twenty-two male and female high school and club sport athletes completed survey measures of concussion knowledge, athletic identity, harmonious and obsessive passion, and degree to which athletes indicated they would report concussions and concussion symptoms. Results: Athletes scored moderately high on their knowledge of symptoms and other concussion information (mean = 16.21; ± = 2.88) and above the midpoint on their attitudes and behaviors toward reporting concussion symptoms (mean = 3.64; ± = 0.70). There were no differences between gender, t(299) = −.78, P = .44, and previous concussion education, t(296) = 1.93, P = .06, related to concussion knowledge. Results of a hierarchical regression indicated that after entering athlete demographics, concussion knowledge, and perceived seriousness of concussions, of the 3 psychological variables in the final stage of the model, only obsessive passion was a significant predictor of athlete’s attitudes to report a concussion. Conclusions: Perceived seriousness of concussion, perceived threat to long-term health, and obsessive passion were the strongest predictors of athlete’s willingness to report concussions. Athletes who did not believe concussions posed a threat to their current or future health, and those that held an obsessive passion for sport were most at risk for not reporting concussions. Future research should continue to investigate the relationship between reporting behaviors and psychological factors.
Prehabilitation for Recreational Runners: Motivators, Influencers, and Barriers to Injury Prevention Strategies for Running-Related Injury
Linda Linton, Morag Barr, and Stephanie Valentin
. Participants suggested motivational tools should be discussed at the start of the program where everyone could agree on how they would commit during the workshop. Fitting prehab around running and lifestyle appeared to be dependent on mindset, but those who had already incorporated prehab into a routine found
Impact of Attentional Focus on Dance Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic
Kelley R. Wiese, Jatin P. Ambegaonkar, and Joel Martin
combination of external and internal attentional cues when providing dancers feedback while teaching motor skills and when working on rehabilitation programs with injured dancers, respectively. When considering attentional focus, the Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for
Immersive Real-Time Biofeedback Optimized With Enhanced Expectancies Improves Motor Learning: A Feasibility Study
Ashley M. Williams, Jennifer A. Hogg, Jed A. Diekfuss, Samantha B. Kendall, Colton T. Jenkins, Shellie N. Acocello, Yu Liang, Dalei Wu, Gregory D. Myer, and Gary B. Wilkerson
injury risk. 7 , 8 An external focus of attention is a key pillar within the Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning (OPTIMAL) theory 9 —the most current motor learning framework. Recent application frameworks have expanded on the potential for OPTIMAL theory
