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performance, can be termed “resistance training movement activities.” Resistance training movement activities (RMTA) can be safe and beneficial in the primary school physical education (PE) curriculum to enhance motor skill competencies, physical fitness, and related psychosocial factors and to enhance

increased inactivity and children being overweight, PE curriculum in schools is inclined to focus on time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( Dauenhauer et al., 2019 ). Current physical activity interventions for primary school children also tend to overlook the critical importance of motor

boys’ schools, similar to its development in Britain, and then moved into universities and downward to secondary and eventually primary schools as the 20 th century progressed. Certain sports were favored—especially the team sport of baseball—and these gained character-building and school reputation

, 2016b ). The fact that FMS proficiency is consistently low among Irish adolescents ( O’Brien et al., 2016a , 2016b ; O’Brien et al., 2017 ) indicates the importance of early intervention programs in Irish primary schools, particularly for the female youth population. Examining girls’ PA perceptions

, and said, “It just was done that way.” One player added that most of the gay players he knew in primary school felt uncomfortable in the “hypermasculine” setting of rugby in the early 1990s when he moved away from playing. Going through puberty and discovering his sexual orientation, he added, was a

was perceived or regulated by others. For example, school PE was a context commonly perceived as hostile: During primary school my PE teacher used to address me as Miss [last name] and always tried to remind me about these [gender] things (laughter). We did put up a fight during third or fourth grade

.1123/ssj.27.2.115 Reichert , M.C. , & Nelson , J. ( 2012 ). Reproduction, resistance, and hope: The promise of schooling for the boys . Journal of Boyhood Studies, 6 ( 1 ), 5 – 16 . doi:10.3149/thy.0601.5 10.3149/thy.0601.5 Renold , E. ( 2007 ). Primary school “studs”: (De)constructing young

, measures resources because teacher salaries are the primary school expense. The second is per capita expenditures, which are available at the level of districts rather than schools. Third, we include dummy variables for suburban, town, and rural schools, using urban schools as the comparison group. The

: In primary school, she was so into soccer. She and her classmate, a White Kiwi girl, represented New Zealand in junior soccer games. How was that possible? Soccer! That’s ... that’s for Māori and White people. Lim’s radicalized view of her daughter’s body and physicality led to a limiting perception

( Allison et al., 2018 ; Farrey & Walters, 2017 ; Hextrum, 2019 ; McGovern, 2018 ). In Model 3, our primary school-level variables of interest are added to the equation. Consistent with Hypothesis 2, there is evidence that school-level SES and the number of school sports that are offered shape the