appropriate measures to define obesity in older adults ( Roh & Choi, 2020 ). The reliance on two varied and independent definitions for sarcopenia and obesity leads to considerable inconsistencies in the reported prevalence of this disease ( Batsis & Villareal, 2018 ). Energy status and trends in protein
Search Results
Exercise and Protein Supplementation Recommendations for Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Meta-Review
Allison T. Contillo, Nancy R. Rodriguez, and Linda S. Pescatello
Protein Supplementation for Strength and Functionality in Older Adults: Is There Still Any Doubt? A Brief Update Review
Júlio Benvenutti Bueno de Camargo and Alexandre Ferraz de Oliveira
, with special attention to protein intake. It has been previously suggested that impairments in protein digestion and amino acid absorption, insulin-mediated muscle tissue perfusion, amino acid uptake in muscle, or a reduced phosphorylation of key signaling proteins may contribute to the phenomenon
Nutrition for Master Athletes: Is There a Need for Specific Recommendations?
Julien Louis, Fabrice Vercruyssen, Olivier Dupuy, and Thierry Bernard
muscle mass loss, weakening of the immune system, and potential reduction in training intensity ( Mountjoy et al., 2014 ). Within these conditions, a balanced diet must provide enough energy (from macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) to allow physical exercise while avoiding maladaptation
Protein Needs of Older Adults Engaged in Resistance Training: A Review
Maureen Lucas and Cynthia J. Heiss
Protein recommendations by some professional organizations for young adults engaged in resistance training (RT) are higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), but recommendations for resistance-training older adults (>50 years old) are not well characterized. Some argue that the current RDA is adequate, but others indicate increased protein needs. Although concerns have been raised about the consequences of high protein intake, protein intake above the RDA in older adults is associated with increased bone-mineral density when calcium intake is adequate and does not appear to compromise renal health in older individuals with normal renal function. Individual protein needs for older adults in RT are likely highly variable according to health and training regimen, but an intake of 1.0–1.3 g · kg−1 · day−1 should adequately and safely meet the needs of older adults engaged in RT, provided that their energy needs are met.
Effect of Protein Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training in Gait Speed in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Juan Li, Yahai Wang, Fang Liu, and Yu Miao
and improving gait speed ( Candow, 2008 ). In addition, some suggest that exercising muscles become more sensitive to nutrients, allowing more available amino acids to be synthesized into muscle proteins. The nutritional consensus statement suggested that consuming protein ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 g
Protein Supplementation in Addition to Strength Training Programs for Improving Body Composition in Older Adults: What Else Is Left to Know? A Brief Update Review of the Current Evidence
Júlio Benvenutti Bueno de Camargo
to an impaired response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) that older adults present compared with their younger peers when an anabolic stimulus (e.g., resistance training [RT] and protein intake) is provided ( Churchward-Venne et al., 2014 ; Francaux et al., 2016 ). In this sense, it is of great
Whey Protein Supplementation in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing a Resistance Training Program: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Celine de Carvalho Furtado, Giovana Jamar, Alan Carlos Brisola Barbosa, Victor Zuniga Dourado, José Reinaldo do Nascimento, Glaucia Cristina Antunes Ferraz de Oliveira, Edgar Matias Bach Hi, Thiago de Arruda Souza, Maria José Gonzalez Parada, Felipe Granado de Souza, Claudia Ridel Juzwiak, and Império Lombardi Júnior
sarcopenia in older adults, improving body composition, muscle strength, inflammation, dynamic balance, and glycemic control ( Lim & Kang, 2023 ; Rondanelli et al., 2016 ; Teo et al., 2020 ). The isolated use of whey protein (WP) to control sarcopenia in older adults currently remains ineffective in
Age-Related Changes in Skeletal-Muscle Myosin Heavy-Chain Composition: Effect of Mechanical Loading
Ando Pehme, Karin Alev, Priit Kaasik, and Teet Seene
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of compensatory hypertrophy (CH), heavy-resistance exercise training (HRET), and simultaneous CH and HRET on fast-twitch skeletal-muscle myofibrillar-protein synthesis, myosin heavy-chain (MHC) turnover rate, and MHC-isoform composition in young and old rats. In young animals all treatments intensified myofibrillar-protein synthesis, whereas in old animals with CH protein synthesis remained unchanged. The relative content of MHC I and IID in plantaris muscle increases with age, and the relative content of MHC IIB decreases. HRET and simultaneous CH and HRET decreased the proportion of MHC IIB and IIA and increased that of MHC IID in young rat muscle. In old rat muscle, relative content of MHC IID decreased and that of MHC IIB increased. CH decreased relative content of MHC IIB in both age groups and of MHC IIA in old animals. Relative content of MHC IID increased in both groups, and of MHC IIA, in young animals. MHC in plantaris of young rats turned over much faster in all types of mechanical loading but in old rats only during HRET and its combination with CH.
Altered DHEA and DHEAS Response to Exercise in Healthy Older Adults
Sarah Aldred, Manjit Rohalu, Kate Edwards, and Victoria Burns
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that decline in concentration with age. Decreased DHEA levels are associated with age-related disease and oxidative stress but might be increased in younger adults by exercise. Studies are presented assessing the response of DHEA and DHEAS to varied-intensity exercise in older age. DHEA increased significantly in young adults (14.5 ± 6.1 ng/ml rising to 21.1 ± 7.5 ng/ml; p < .01), whereas DHEAS decreased significantly (2.56 ± 1.11 µg/ml falling to 1.90 ± 0.8 µg/ml; p < .05), after submaximal exercise. DHEA and DHEAS levels were significantly lower in older adults than in younger adults (p < .01), and there was no observed response of either hormone to exercise in older adults. Lipoprotein protein carbonylation is presented as a measure of oxidative status and significantly decreased in younger adults postexercise. Participants with higher DHEA postexercise had lower LDL protein carbonyl concentrations (Pearson’s coefficient –.409, p < .05).
Progressive, Site-Specific Loss of Muscle Mass in Older, Frail Nursing Home Residents
Nobuo Takeshima, Keizo Shimada, Mohammod M. Islam, Hiroaki Kanehisa, Yoshie Ishida, and William F. Brechue
To clarify the progression of muscle loss in nursing home residents, frail women (n = 16; age: 85 ± 9 years; residence time: 764 days) were assessed for physical activity, caloric intake, and site-specific muscle thickness (MTH) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) using B-mode ultrasound at nine anatomical sites at four intervals over one year. Height, body weight, and BMI did not change. Physical activity (246 steps/day) and nutritional intake (1,441 kcal, 60.3 g protein/day) were unaltered throughout the study. Subjects experienced a significant, progressive loss of muscle indicated by decrements in anterior upper arm (20%), posterior upper arm (25%), abdomen (20%), subscapular (33%), anterior thigh (15%), posterior thigh (22%), anterior lower leg (11%), posterior lower leg (13%), and forearm (15%) MTH. At study inception, prevalence of sarcopenia was related to muscle loss in the upper leg, while upper body muscle wasting contributed to sarcopenia later and was unrelated to physical activity, nutritional input, or duration of residence.
