Sports-related activities account for an estimated 10% of head and spinal cord injuries. In recent years, concussion in particular has garnered more interest in the medical field as well as the media. Reports of athletes suffering from long-term cognitive deficits and Parkinsonian symptoms have sparked concern in a disease process that has often been underestimated or ignored. As more reports surface, the desperate need for a better understanding of the neuropathology has been made clear. In addition to the concern for acute injury, long-term sequelae such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are feared consequences of concussive injuries. Research studies have shown significant overlap in the neuropathology between CTE and chronic neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, tau protein deposition has been found to be present in both disease processes and may play an important part in the clinical findings observed. The present review discusses concussion and our current understanding of pathological findings that may underlie the clinical features associated with concussive injuries and resulting chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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From Concussion to Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Review
Roya Saffary, Lawrence S. Chin, and Robert C. Cantu
An Exploratory Investigation of the Body Image and Health Behavior Transition in Retiring Intercollegiate Athletes
Nick Galli, Skye Shodahl, and Mark P. Otten
consisting of ample fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains (e.g., oatmeal), and lean proteins (e.g., chicken)?” The final questions were open-ended and depended on whether athletes were answering at pre- or postretirement. At preretirement, athletes answered questions regarding any concerns they had about
Help-Seeking Beliefs Among Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Users Experiencing Side Effects: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
Hugh Gilmore, Stephen Shannon, Gerard Leavey, Martin Dempster, Shane Gallagher, and Gavin Breslin
blood flow and up-regulated muscle protein synthesis ( Yu et al., 2014 ). As such, AAS are efficacious in increasing muscular size, performance, and aesthetics, and consequently, are prevalent in elite sport and professional bodybuilding (i.e., collective estimate of 13.4%; Sagoe, Modle, Andreassen
A Narrative Review of Heart Rate Variability as a Good Index of Psychophysical Health in Athletes and in Biofeedback Training
Carlo Pruneti, Simone Ferrari, and Sara Guidotti
glucocorticoids. Cortisol (known as the “stress hormone”), triggers the conversion of proteins into glucose, involves lipids in the production of immediately available energy, increases blood flow, and activates behavioral responses. During the second phase (adaptation), the body tries to adapt to the new
Early Maladaptive Schemas, Cognitive Fusion, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Attitudes: The Mediating Role of Muscle Dysmorphia in Iran
Mehdi Ebrahimi, Zahra Zamani, and Ebrahim Bagheri
staggering 36.2%, with bodybuilding athletes exhibiting a higher prevalence rate of AAS misuse compared to other athlete categories ( Selk-Ghaffari et al., 2021 ). The majority of men influenced by this trend strive to improve their physical fitness through the adoption of low-fat, high-protein diets and
