Current Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for protein for children and youth require revision as they were derived primarily on nitrogen balance data in young children or extrapolated from adult values; did not account for the possible influence of above average physical activity; and did not set an upper tolerable level of intake. Revision of the protein DRIs requires new research that investigates: 1) long-term dose-response to identify protein and essential amino acid requirements of both sexes at various pubertal stages and under differing conditions of physical activity; 2) the acute protein needs (quantity and timing) following a single bout of exercise; 3) the potential adverse effects of chronic high intakes of protein; and 4) new measurement techniques (i.e., IAAO or stable isotope methodologies) to improve accuracy of protein needs. While active individuals may require protein in excess of current DRIs, most active Canadian children and youth have habitual protein intakes that exceed current recommendations.
Search Results
Protein Needs of Physically Active Children
Re: Golden Horseshoe Pediatric Exercise Group: Proceedings Paper
Kimberly A. Volterman and Stephanie A. Atkinson
The Effect of Postexercise Milk Protein Intake on Rehydration of Children
Kimberly Volterman, Daniel Moore, Joyce Obeid, Elizabeth A. Offord, and Brian W. Timmons
Purpose:
In adults, rehydration after exercise in the heat can be enhanced with a protein-containing beverage; however, whether this applies to children remains unknown. This study examined the effect of milk protein intake on postexercise rehydration in children.
Method:
Fifteen children (10–12 years) performed three exercise trials in the heat (34.4 ± 0.2 °C, 47.9 ± 1.1% relative humidity). In a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, participants consumed iso-caloric and electrolyte-matched beverages containing 0 g (CONT), 0.76 g (Lo-PRO) or 1.5 g (Hi-PRO) of milk protein/100 mL in a volume equal to 150% of their body mass (BM) loss during exercise. BM was then assessed over 4 h of recovery.
Results:
Fluid balance demonstrated a significant condition × time interaction (p = .012) throughout recovery; Hi-PRO was less negative than CONT at 2 hr (p = .01) and tended to be less negative at 3 h (p = .07). Compared with CONT, beverage retention was enhanced by Hi-PRO at 2 h (p < .05).
Conclusion:
A postexercise beverage containing milk protein can favorably affect fluid retention in children. Further research is needed to determine the optimal volume and composition of a rehydration beverage for complete restoration of fluid balance.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, But Not Central Obesity or C-Reactive Protein, Is Related to Liver Function in Obese Children
Clarice Martins, Ismael Freitas Jr., Andréia Pizarro, Luísa Aires, Gustavo Silva, Maria Paula Santos, and Jorge Mota
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent complications associated with excess adiposity. Its pathogenesis is complex and there are multiple factors that may contribute to it. AIM: To analyze whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), waist circumference (WC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in children with obesity. METHODS: 79 overweight/obese children of both genders, 11–13 year-olds, with abnormal serum ALT from Porto public schools comprised the sample. Measurements included CRF (20-m Shuttle Run Test), WC (NHANES protocol), CRP and ALT (Cholestech LDX analyzer). Logistic regression adjusted for gender, maturation, and weight with ALT levels as dependent variable (risk vs. non risk), and WC (risk vs. non risk), CRP (risk vs. non risk), and CRF (fit vs. unfit) as independent variables. Level of significance was set at 95%. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that obese fit children were less likely to have abnormal ALT values (OR=.031) CONCLUSION: In obese children, higher cardiovascular fitness appears to reduce the chance of decreased liver function.
Acute and Long-Term Changes in Blood-Borne Biomarkers in Response to Dynamic Standing in Nonambulant Children With Cerebral Palsy
Tibor V. Varga, Åsa Andersson, Katarina Lauruschkus, and Åsa B. Tornberg
, plasma aliquots were stored at −80°C. Multiplex analyses of serum analytes were performed on a Luminex MAGPIX instrument (Luminex Corporation) according to the manufacturers’ protocol (Merck Millipore) and protein concentrations were calculated with the Belysa Immunoassay curve fitting software (Merck
The Effects of a 12-Week Combined Exercise Training Program on Arterial Stiffness, Vasoactive Substances, Inflammatory Markers, Metabolic Profile, and Body Composition in Obese Adolescent Girls
Alexei Wong, Marcos A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, Won-Mok Son, Yi-Sub Kwak, and Song-Young Park
, vasoactive substances, inflammatory markers, IR, and body composition in obese adolescent girls. We hypothesized that 12 weeks of CET would reduce arterial stiffness, C-reactive protein, and IR, which would be accompanied by improved vasoactive substances levels and decreased central adiposity. Material and
Effect of 8 Weeks of Incremental Aerobic Training on Inflammatory Mediators, Cardiorespiratory Indices, and Functional Capacity in Obese Children With Bronchial Asthma
Ragab K. Elnaggar, Mohammed A. Shendy, and Mahmoud S. Elfakharany
-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured using immunonephelometric assays on the fully automated BN II analyzer (Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany). The detection limit of the assay ranged from 0.18 to 1100 mg/dL. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured using enzyme
Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Fabricio de Souza, Luciano Acordi da Silva, Gisele Santinoni Ferreira, Márcia Mendonça Marcos de Souza, Franciane Bobinski, Juliete Palandi, Chaiana Esmeraldino Mendes Marcon, Daniel Fernandes Martins, Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol, and Daisson José Trevisol
leukocyte infiltration, which generates an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and consequent generation of oxidative damage in lipids, proteins, and DNA ( 4 ). Some studies ( 17 , 26 ) describe obesity as a chronic inflammatory disease due to the excessive production of proinflammatory
Effectiveness of Continuous Aerobic Versus High-Intensity Interval Training on Atherosclerotic and Inflammatory Markers in Boys With Overweight/Obesity
Alireza Paahoo, Vahid Tadibi, and Nasser Behpoor
associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis ( 10 ). Evidence suggests that obesity-induced inflammation is associated with altered plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and other inflammatory markers ( 13 ). The CRP is a protein that increases in the blood with inflammation and
Independent and Combined Associations of Physical Activity and Screen Time With Biomarkers of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents With Overweight/Obesity
Yijian Ding and Xi Xu
from 2 NHANES cycles (2015–2018, N = 19,225) were extracted and analyzed. We first included 4397 children (6–11 y) and adolescents (12–17 y) and then excluded participants with missing data on physical activity (n = 479), screen time (n = 7), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, n = 872), white
Exercise Capacity and Biomarkers Among Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease
Lea Barbetta Pereira da Silva, Gilmar Mercês de Jesus, José de Bessa Junior, Valter Abrantes Pereira da Silva, Ivanilde Guedes de Mattos, Coretta Melissa Jenerette, and Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho
: complete blood count ( Coulter ® LH 780 hematology analyzer), including red blood cell count, Hb levels, hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelets, and reticulocyte count; lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase levels (automated kinetic colorimetric assays); C-reactive protein levels
