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Walking School Bus Programs in U.S. Public Elementary Schools

Lindsey Turner, Jamie F. Chriqui, and Frank J. Chaloupka

Background:

Active transportation to school provides an important way for children to meet physical activity recommendations. The “walking school bus” (WSB) is a strategy whereby adults walk with a group of children to and from school along a fixed route. This study assessed whether school-organized WSB programs varied by school characteristics, district policies, and state laws.

Methods:

School data were gathered by mail-back surveys in nationally representative samples of U.S. public elementary schools during the 2008−2009 and 2009−2010 school years (n = 632 and 666, respectively). Corresponding district policies and state laws were obtained.

Results:

Nationwide, 4.2% of schools organized a WSB program during 2008−2009, increasing to 6.2% by 2009−2010. Controlling for demographic covariates, schools were more likely to organize a WSB program where there was a strong district policy pertaining to safe active routes to school (OR = 2.14, P < .05), or a state law requiring crossing guards around schools (OR = 2.72, P < .05).

Conclusions:

WSB programs are not common but district policies and state laws are associated with an increased likelihood of elementary schools organizing these programs. Policymaking efforts may encourage schools to promote active transportation.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 10 (2013): Issue 5 (Jul 2013)

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Sport Participation for Academic Success: Evidence From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

Katherine B. Owen, Bridget C. Foley, Ben J. Smith, Karine E. Manera, Lucy Corbett, Michelle Lim, Philayrath Phongsavan, Pamela Qualter, Ding Ding, and Philip J. Clare

academic outcomes, including school absenteeism, school completion, academic performance at the end of school, and university enrollment. The primary aim of the current study was to identify long-term patterns of sport participation from childhood into adolescence and to examine the association between

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 21 (2024): Issue 3 (Mar 2024)

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National Study of Changes in Community Access to School Physical Activity Facilities: The School Health Policies and Programs Study

Kelly R. Evenson, Fang Wen, Sarah M. Lee, Katie M. Heinrich, and Amy Eyler

Background:

A Healthy People 2010 developmental objective (22-12) was set to increase the proportion of the nation's public and private schools that provide access to their physical activity spaces and facilities for all persons outside of normal school hours. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of indoor and outdoor facilities at schools and the availability of those facilities to the public in 2000 and 2006.

Methods:

In 2000 and 2006, the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) was conducted in each state and in randomly selected districts, schools, and classrooms. This analysis focused on the school level questionnaire from a nationally representative sample of public and nonpublic elementary, middle, and high schools (n = 921 in 2000 and n = 984 in 2006).

Results:

No meaningful changes in the prevalence of access to school physical activity facilities were found from 2000 to 2006, for youth or adult community sports teams, classes, or open gym.

Conclusions:

These national data indicate a lack of progress from 2000 and 2006 toward increasing the proportion of the nation's public and private schools that provide access to their physical activity facilities for all persons outside of normal school hours.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 7 (2010): Issue s1 (Jan 2010): Physical Activity Policy: From Present to Future

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Development and Construct Validation of a Questionnaire for Measuring Affordances for Motor Behavior of Schoolchildren

Fábio Saraiva Flôres, Luis Paulo Rodrigues, and Rita Cordovil

macrolevel, starting from the child and family environment to the cultural influences specific of different countries. The first level of influence is the microsystem, which corresponds to the child’s immediate surroundings (e.g., home, neighborhood, daycare center, school, sports environments), where

Cover Journal of Motor Learning and Development

In Journal of Motor Learning and Development Volume 9 (2021): Issue 3 (Dec 2021)

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Effects of a 10-Week Integrated Curriculum Intervention on Physical Activity, Resting Blood Pressure, Motor Skills, and Well-Being in 6- to 7-Year-Olds

Michael J. Duncan, Katie Fitton Davies, Nduka Okwose, Amy E. Harwood, and Djordje G. Jakovljevic

health profiles than their more affluent peers 6 with such profile being delayed even further as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 7 The school is an important environment for children and is consistently cited as one location where attempts to promote PA may be particularly successful. 8 , 9 While

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 21 (2024): Issue 6 (Jun 2024)

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Context-Specific Correlates of Walking Behaviors to and From School: Do They Vary Across Neighborhoods and Populations?

Xuemei Zhu, Chanam Lee, Oi-Man Kwok, and James W. Varni

Background:

A growing number of studies have examined correlates of walking-to/from-school behaviors. However, the potential differences across neighborhoods have been understudied. To address this knowledge gap, this study compared 4 elementary school settings (low-income inner-city; mid- to low-income, urban with and without freeway in attendance area; and high-income suburban) in Austin, Texas.

Methods:

Parental surveys (n = 680, response rate = 25%) were analyzed using binary logistic regressions to identify correlates of walking to/from school for each setting. Five focus groups were conducted with 15 parents and analyzed using content analysis to supplement the survey results.

Results:

Parents’ personal barrier was the only consistently significant variable across 4 settings (OR = 0.113−0.463, P < .05). Parental education showed contrasting results between the suburban setting (OR = 3.895, P < .01) and the urban setting with freeway presence (OR = 0.568, P < .05). Personal attitude and walking habit had lower explanatory power in lower-income settings than in the higher-income site. But sociodemographic, physical environment, and safety conditions had greater explanatory power in lower-income settings. Freeway barrier was significant in the inner-city setting (OR = 0.029, P < .05) and the urban setting with freeway presence (OR = 0.142, P < .05).

Conclusions:

Significant differences in correlates of walking-to/from-school behaviors were found across the 4 elementary school settings, suggesting the importance of context-sensitive approaches in future research and practice.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 8 (2011): Issue s1 (Jan 2011): Engaging Communities to Create Active Living Environments

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After-School Activities of Japanese Elementary School Children: Comparison of Children Who Attend Lessons and Cram Schools With Those Who Do Not

Yasuo Kojima

CIM. Although the results frequently confirmed that children become more active with the increase in grade level, 4 – 6 other scholars demonstrated the effects of gender, 6 – 9 birth order, 9 – 11 regional categories, 12 – 14 distance from home to school, 15 and parental perceptions of

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 21 (2024): Issue 5 (May 2024)

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The Provision and Experience of Variety in Physical Activity Settings: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies

Narelle Eather, Emily McLachlan, Benjamin Sylvester, Mark Beauchamp, Colin Sanctuary, and David Lubans

Information From Qualitative Studies Citation/country Sample ( N )/age (years) Setting/study design Operationalization of variety Outcomes examined Results Abildsnes et al. ( 2017 ) Norway 23 15–17 High school Focus group (subsample) Perceived variety in PE activities Enjoyment/engagement in PE Focus group

Cover Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

In Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Volume 45 (2023): Issue 3 (Jun 2023)

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Predicting the Presence of Active Schools: A National Survey of School Principals in the United States

Brian Dauenhauer, Taemin Ha, Collin Webster, Heather Erwin, Erin Centeio, Jillian Papa, and Charlene Burgeson

school setting offers an attractive environment for advancing innovations designed to cultivate physically active lifestyles given that schools have extensive reach and access to young people. 3 In addition, given that most school-aged youth are not meeting the international consensus guideline of

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 19 (2022): Issue 11 (Nov 2022)

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2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity of Israeli Children and Adolescents With Disabilities

Yeshayahu Hutzler, Riki Tesler, Avinoam Gilad, Kwok Ng, and Sharon Barak

education system in the country is divided between Hebrew and Arabic speakers. The Hebrew-speaking school attendants are also divided according to religious practice (i.e., secular or nationally religious systems). Based on a representative survey, approximately 326,000 Israeli children and adolescents (11

Cover Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

In Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Volume 40 (2023): Issue 3 (Jul 2023): Special Issue: Global Matrix of 2022 Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities