drop landing, but with the need to dissipate the reactive forces of foot contact with the surface of support in a cyclical sequence over time. A representative example of the directional reversal of proximal–distal control is shown in an analysis of the early steps of sprinters leaving the blocks ( von
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Task and Skill Level Constraints on the Generality of the Proximal–Distal Principle for Within-Limb Movement Coordination
Karl M. Newell and Gareth Irwin
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Affordances for Motor Behavior of Schoolchildren in South India
Vinuta Deshpande, Pratiksha Kalgutkar, Ana Filipa Silva, and Fábio Saraiva Flôres
The Affordances for Motor Behavior of Schoolchildren (AMBS) is a standardized self-reporting tool comprising 73 questions, organized into seven sections aiming to assess affordances in children’s regular contexts. This investigation aims to establish the reliability and validity of the results obtained from the AMBS in South Indian children. The AMBS reliability and construct validity were evaluated in 393 Indian families whose children were aged between 6 and 10 years old. The internal consistency of the AMBS was evaluated by retesting the tool in a subsample of 30 families following a 14-day interval between assessments (intraclass correlation coefficient), showing a reliability level of .933. The validity of the scale was evaluated using the confirmatory factor analysis. The model that was tested indicated a very good fit, and the structural model presented significant loading coefficients from the identified variables to the theoretically specified latent factors. Positively significant correlation values were found between factors: home and materials (r = .78), home and school (r = .55), and materials and school (r = .77). Our findings suggest that AMBS is a reliable assessment tool and can evaluate the affordances provided to South Indian children. This information can be used to develop interventions to improve the physical activity levels of these children.
The Reliability and Validation of the Aquatic Movement Protocol as an Instrument for Assessing Aquatic Motor Competence in Primary Aged Children
Nicole A. Pratt, Michael J. Duncan, Martyn G. Morris, and Samuel W. Oxford
motor competence were as follows: standing start 10-m sprint time and standing long jump distance. Each 10-m sprint was timed using smart speed gates (Fusion Sport, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia). Standing long jump was recorded by a floor tape measure recording distance from the take-off point to the
Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Fitness Are Key Correlates of Tactical Soccer Skill in Grassroots Soccer Players Aged 8–14 Years
Michael J. Duncan, Neil D. Clarke, Lee Bolt, Emma Eyre, and Clare M.P. Roscoe
of all six skills assessed in the present study with product measures of FMS (via combined z scores for sprint speed, standing long jump performance, and throwing velocity). Trials of each skill were video recorded (Sony Handicam CX405b, Sony) and subsequently edited recordings into single film
Early Specialization and Critical Periods in Acquiring Expertise: A Comparison of Traditional Versus Detection Talent Identification in Team GB Cycling at London 2012
Toby Staff, Fernand Gobet, and Andrew Parton
interaction with starting age, individual differences, and talent identification methodology. This result is inconsistent with previous claims that the journey to expertise is 10 years ( Ericsson et al., 1993 ) and concurs with previous sport research, such as sprinting plus track and field ( Lombardo
Sex-Related Differences in the Association of Fundamental Movement Skills and Health and Behavioral Outcomes in Children
Phillip J. Hill, Melitta A. McNarry, Leanne Lester, Lawrence Foweather, Lynne M. Boddy, Stuart J. Fairclough, and Kelly A. Mackintosh
reliable measure, irrespective of sex ( Fox & Corbin, 1989 ), and in the current study, the perceived sports competence subdomain demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = .65). Three locomotor (sprint, hop, and vertical jump) and three object control (catch, kick, and overarm throw) skills were
Developmental Progression and Sex Differences in Agility During Continuous Two-Footed Jumping Among Children Aged 4–16 Years
Ayane Muro, Nozomi Takatoku, Chiaki Ohtaka, Motoko Fujiwara, and Hiroki Nakata
neuromuscular efficiency was significantly lower in 7- or 8-year-old children than 10-year-old children. As for skipping, jumping, and sprinting, the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is a key factor in explaining efficiency ( Laffaye et al., 2016 ). SSC is characterized by a successive and rapid combination of
Attentional Focus and Individuals’ Perceptions: A Systematic Review
Masahiro Yamada, Lauren Q. Higgins, and Louisa D. Raisbeck
.M. , & Nimphius , S. ( 2016 ). Coaching instructions and cues for enhancing sprint performance . Strength and Conditioning Journal, 38 ( 1 ), 1 – 11 . doi:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000185 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000185 Blakemore , S-J , & Frith , C. ( 2003 ). Self-awareness and action . Current Opinion
Functional Movement Proficiency’s Association to Actual and Perceived Motor Competence
Cheryl A. Coker and Brittney Herrick
, kicking speed, sprint, and agility in young football players . Journal of Sports Sciences, 33 ( 12 ), 1293 – 1297 . PubMed ID: 25761523 doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1022577 10.1080/02640414.2015.1022577 Hardy , L.L. , Barnett , L. , Espinel , P. , & Okely , A.D. ( 2013 ). Thirteen-year trends in
The Role of Physical Fitness on the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity: Mediator or Moderator?
Vitor P. Lopes and Luis P. Rodrigues
three tests that are primarily measures of performance-related fitness ( Safrit, 1995 ) and the grip strength test for the dominant hand. (a) Speed (50-yard dash). The test involved running a single maximum sprint over 50 yards, with the time recorded, on a flat and horizontal floor without obstacles
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