The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of fast- and slow-tempo music on 500-m rowing sprint performances. Twenty-two rowers performed 500-m sprints 3 times: rowing without music, rowing to slow music, and rowing to fast tempo music. Strokes per minute (SPM), time to completion, (TTC), and rated perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Although RPE did not differ between the rowing conditions, TTC was shortest in the fast music condition. Further, shorter TTC was observed in the slow music condition in contrast to the control condition, indicating that slow music also enhanced performance. The strongest treatment effects emerged, however, in the examination of the SPM that were significantly higher during rowing to fast music in comparison with rowing to slow music or no music. These results suggest that fast music acts as an external psyching-up stimulus in brief and strenuous muscle work.
Search Results
Performance Enhancement with Music in Rowing Sprint
Mária Rendi, Attila Szabo, and Tamás Szabó
Race Modeling: An Effective Cognitive Strategy for the 100 m Sprinter?
Clifford J. Mallett and Stephanie J. Hanrahan
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a specific cognitive race plan on 100 m sprint performance. Twelve elite sprinters (11 male and 1 female) performed 100 m time trials under normal (control) conditions and then under experimental conditions (use of race cues). In the experimental condition, participants were asked to think about specific thought content in each of three segments of the 100 m. A multiple baseline design was employed. A mean improvement of 0.26 s was found. Eleven of the 12 participants showed improvement using the specific cognitive race plan (p < .005). Participants also produced more consistent sprint performances when using the cues (p < .01). Subjective evaluations made by the participants unanimously supported the use of the race plan for optimizing sprint performance. Environmental conditions, effort, and practice effects were considered as possible influences on the results.
Self-Efficacy, Causal Attribution, and Track Athletic Performance Following Unexpected Success or Failure among Elite Sprinters
Christophe Gernigon and Jean-Baptiste Delloye
The influence of an unexpected outcome in a first sprint trial on athletes’ selfefficacy and performance, and the relationships between outcome, causal attribution, self-efficacy, and performance were examined. Sixty-two national level competition sprinters assessed self-efficacy, ran a first 60 m trial with manipulated time feedback (success vs. failure), expressed causal attributions, assessed self-efficacy again, and ran a second 60 m trial. Success and failure, respectively, increased and decreased self-efficacy. Stability of causes mediated the feedback, self-efficacy relation for males. Personal control predicted self-efficacy for females. Performance was not influenced by feedback but was weakly predicted by self-efficacy. This study sheds light on some of the cognitive and motivational processes that are involved in serial sports events.
Rapid Technique Correction Using Old Way/new Way: Two Case Studies with Olympic Athletes
Yuri Hanin, Tapio Korjus, Petteri Jouste, and Paul Baxter
Exploratory studies examine the effectiveness of old way/new way, an innovative meta-cognitive learning strategy initially developed in education settings, in the rapid and permanent correction of established technique difficulties experienced by two Olympic athletes in javelin and sprinting. Individualized interventions included video-assisted error analysis, step-wise enhancement of kinesthetic awareness, reactivation of the error memory, discrimination, and generalization of the correct movement pattern. Self-reports, coach’s ratings, and video recordings were used as measures of technique improvement. A single learning trial produced immediate and permanent technique improvement (80% or higher correct action) and full transfer of learning, without the need for the customary adaptation period. Findings are consistent with the performance enhancement effects of old way/new way demonstrated experimentally in nonsport settings.
Evaluating Sport Psychology Service Delivery for Elite USA Track and Field Athletes: Findings and Recommendations
Lennie Waite, Chris Stanley, Brian Zuleger, and Anne Shadle
they need to handle the intensity, pressure, demands, and spotlight of competing on a world stage through education and consultation. The diversity of track and field events (e.g., sprinting, hurdling, running, race walking, throwing, jumping, vaulting) wherein athletes are competing multiple times (e
Increasing Anaerobic Power in Cycling By Implementing Embodied Self-Talk
Rafael Mateos, Inés C. Ruiz, and Javier Horcajo
intensity possible for 30 s. Participants were given a 5-s countdown before the all-out sprint. In this study, we carried out three rounds of the Wingate Test, each of them separated by 4 min of active recovery in which cyclists pedaled in a light way. Once the last round was finished, participants again
“Keep the Pace! You’ve Got This!”: The Content and Meaning of Impactful Crowd Encouragement at Mass Running Events
Sophie Gibbs-Nicholls, Alister McCormick, and Melissa Coyle
themselves really hard. So, if I still had something to give, I’m gonna give it and I want them to see somebody sprinting at the end and, and I want me to be remembered like that. I don’t want me to be remembered shuffling across the line, dragging my foot or whatever. (Ben) I definitely made sure I paced
Reexamining the Association Between Preseason Challenge and Threat States and Performance Across the Season
Matthew Jewiss, Chris Hodgson, and Iain Greenlees
, J. , Freeman , P. , Black , M. , & Moore , L. ( 2018 ). The relationship between challenge and threat states and anaerobic power, core affect, perceived exertion, and self-focused attention during a competitive sprint cycling task . Progress in Brain Research, 240 , Article 6 . 10
Masters Athletes’ Views on Sport Psychology for Performance Enhancement and Sport Lifestyle Adherence
Tyler Makepeace, Bradley W. Young, and Scott Rathwell
) Performance a Experience a Lifestyle a MST b Wendy 62 Dragon boat/sprint canoe 10+ 9–11 6–8 International 2,000+ 4 4.5 4.5 5 Cara 54 Nordic skiing 10+ 12–14 15+ National 1,500–1,999 3.5 4.2 3 4.3 Lauren 54 Synchro skating 10+ 3–5 6–8 Regional 2,000+ 3 4.8 5 4 Amy 58 Long/high jump 10+ 6–8 6–8 International 1
How Psychologists in Men’s English Football Academies Evaluate Their Working Context and Adopt an Appropriate Professional Practice Framework
Niels Boysen Feddersen, Francesca Champ, Stig Arve Sæther, and Martin Littlewood
people through frequent measurements of weight, fat percentage, number of sprints, running distance, and sleep quality. One psychologist explained, “When I do that one-to-one work, I get a little bit frustrated with this sense that players are something that we have to put something into” (Participant 3
