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Validity of a Squash-Specific Fitness Test

Michael Wilkinson, Damon Leedale-Brown, and Edward M. Winter

Purpose:

This study examined the validity of a squash-specific test designed to assess endurance capability and aerobic power.

Methods:

Eight squash players and eight runners performed, in a counterbalanced order, incremental treadmill (TT) and squash-specific (ST) tests to volitional exhaustion. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake was determined by a portable analyzer and heart rate was assessed telemetrically. Time to exhaustion was recorded.

Results:

Independent t tests revealed longer time to exhaustion for squash players on the ST than runners (775 ± 103 vs. 607 ± 81 s; P = .003) but no difference between squash players and runners in maximal oxygen uptake ( Vo2max) or maximum heart rate (HRmax). Runners exercised longer on the TT (521 ± 135 vs. 343 ± 115 s; P = .01) and achieved higher Vo2max than squash players (58.6 ± 7.5 vs. 49.6 ± 7.3 mL·kg−1·min−1; P = .03), with no group difference in HRmax. Paired t tests showed squash players achieved higher Vo2max on the ST than the TT (52.2 ± 7.1 vs. 49.6 ± 7.3 mL·kg−1·min−1; P = .02). The Vo2max and HRmax of runners did not differ between tests, nor did the HRmax of squash players. ST and TT Vo2max correlated highly in squash players and runners (r = .94, P < .001; r = .88, P = .003).

Conclusions:

The ST discriminated endurance performance between squash players and runners and elicited higher Vo2max in squash players than a nonspecifc test. The results suggest that the ST is a valid assessment of Vo2max and endurance capability in squash players.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 4 (2009): Issue 1 (Mar 2009)

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Reproducibility of Physiological and Performance Measures from a Squash-Specific Fitness Test

Michael Wilkinson, Damon Leedale-Brown, and Edward M. Winter

Purpose:

We examined the reproducibility of performance and physiological responses on a squash-specific incremental test.

Methods:

Eight trained squash players habituated to procedures with two prior visits performed an incremental squash test to volitional exhaustion on two occasions 7 days apart. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake ( Vo2) and heart rate were determined continuously using a portable telemetric system. Blood lactate concentration at the end of 4-min stages was assessed to determine lactate threshold. Once threshold was determined, test speed was increased every minute until volitional exhaustion for assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and performance time. Economy was taken as the 60-s mean of Vo2 in the final minute of the fourth stage (below lactate threshold for all participants). Typical error of measurement (TEM) with associated 90% confidence intervals, limits of agreement, paired sample t tests, and least products regression were used to assess the reproducibility of scores.

Results:

Performance time (TEM 27 s, 4%, 90% CI 19 to 49 s) Vo2max (TEM 2.4 mL·kg−1·min−1, 4.7%, 90% CI 1.7 to 4.3 mL·kg−1·min−1), maximum heart rate (TEM 2 beats·min−1, 1.3%, 90% CI 2 to 4 beats·min−1), and economy (TEM 1.6 mL·kg−1·min−1, 4.1%, 90% CI 1.1 to 2.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) were reproducible.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that endurance performance and physiological responses to a squash-specific fitness test are reproducible.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 4 (2009): Issue 1 (Mar 2009)

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Quantifying Training Demands of a 2-Week In-Season Squash Microcycle

Carl James, Aishwar Dhawan, Timothy Jones, and Olivier Girard

Squash requires considerable technical skill and well-developed endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility. 1 , 2 In order to achieve a tactical advantage during matches, players repeatedly make intense, often nonlinear accelerations from the central “T” position, to hit the ball as early as

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 16 (2021): Issue 6 (Jun 2021)

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Validity of a Squash-Specific Test of Change-of-Direction Speed

Michael Wilkinson, Damon Leedale-Brown, and Edward M. Winter

Purpose:

We examined the validity and reproducibility of a squash-specifc test designed to assess change-of-direction speed.

Methods:

10 male squash and 10 male association-football and rugby-union players completed the Illinois agility run (IAR) and a squash change-of-direction-speed test (SCODS) on separate days. Tests were repeated after 24 h to assess reproducibility. The best time from three attempts was recorded in each trial.

Results:

Performance times on the IAR (TE 0.27 s, 1.8%, 90% CI 0.21 to 0.37 s; LOA -0.12 s ± 0.74; LPR slope 1, intercept -2.8) and SCODS (TE 0.18 s, 1.5%, 90% CI 0.14 to 0.24 s; LOA 0.05 s ± 0.49; LPR slope 0.95, intercept 0.5) were reproducible. There were no statistically significant differences in performance time between squash (14.75 ± 0.66 s) and nonsquash players (14.79 ± 0.41 s) on the IAR. Squash players (10.90 ± 0.44 s) outperformed nonsquash players (12.20 ± 0.34 s) on the SCODS (P < .01). Squash player rank significantly correlated with SCODS performance time (Spearman’s ρ = 0.77, P < .01), but not IAR performance time (Spearman’s ρ = 0.43, P = .21).

Conclusions:

The results suggest that the SCODS test is a better measure of sport-specific capability than an equivalent nonspecific field test and that it is a valid and reliable tool for talent identification and athlete tracking.

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 4 (2009): Issue 2 (Jun 2009)

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Perception of Breakfast Ingestion Enhances High-Intensity Cycling Performance

Stephen A. Mears, Kathryn Dickinson, Kurt Bergin-Taylor, Reagan Dee, Jack Kay, and Lewis J. James

 = painful). Subjects were then asked to consume 1 of 3 breakfasts within 5 minutes: CON (7 mL·kg BM −1 water), PLA (6 mL·kg BM −1 water, 1 mL·kg BM −1 orange squash [Robinsons; Britvic, Hemel Hempstead, UK], 0.67 g·kg BM −1 xanthan gum [Doves Farm, Hungerford, UK], and 0.067 g·kg BM −1 artificial

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 13 (2018): Issue 4 (Apr 2018)

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Quantifying Hitting Load in Racket Sports: A Scoping Review of Key Technologies

Quim Brich, Martí Casals, Miguel Crespo, Machar Reid, and Ernest Baiget

,546) and 2,28,139 (SD: 50,707), respectively. In the case of other racket sports, hitting load has been reported in elite badminton, 36 squash, 37 and padel 38 players. Although some studies have quantified the hitting load in high-level athletes, stroke quantification is typically not monitored at the

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 19 (2024): Issue 6 (Jun 2024)

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Effect of Warm-Up and Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on 4-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance

William H. Gurton, Steve H. Faulkner, and Ruth M. James

. Determination of Time-to-Peak HCO 3 − The second laboratory visit was conducted to identify time-to-peak HCO 3 − following the ingestion of 0.3 g·kg BM −1 NaHCO 3 . Beverages were administered in 5 mL·kg BM −1 fluid (3:2, water and sugar-free orange squash) and consumed within 5 minutes. Capillary blood

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 16 (2021): Issue 11 (Nov 2021)

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Starving Your Performance? Reduced Preexercise Hunger Increases Resistance Exercise Performance

Mohamed Nashrudin Naharudin, Ashril Yusof, David J. Clayton, and Lewis J. James

/kg body mass) was low-energy orange-flavored squash (Double Strength Orange squash, Tesco, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom) with the remainder made up with tap water. After the squash and water were mixed, 1.5 g/kg body mass of maltodextrin was added to the solution (MyProtein, Northwich, United

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 17 (2022): Issue 3 (Mar 2022)

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Effects of Hypoxia Severity on Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics Using Statistical Parametric Mapping During Repeated Treadmill Sprints

Clint Hansen, Franck Brocherie, Grégoire P. Millet, and Olivier Girard

intervals. Methods Participants Thirteen male participants (31.2 [4.8] y; height, 178.4 [6.6] cm; body mass, 74.3 [8.2] kg), engaged in various intermittent sports (ie, football, futsal, tennis, and squash), participated in the study. They were categorized as “Trained/Developmental” (tier 2) based on

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 19 (2024): Issue 4 (Apr 2024)

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Practitioner, Coach, and Athlete Perceptions of Evidence-Based Practice in Professional Sport in Australia

Edgar Schwarz, Liam D. Harper, Rob Duffield, Robert McCunn, Andrew Govus, Sabrina Skorski, and Hugh H.K. Fullagar

sports with n <5 include rowing, tennis, athletics, netball, squash, triathlon, cycling, and other Olympic disciplines. The adapted surveys were distributed to all members of the research team for critical analysis and feedback and then piloted with 3 full-time practitioners, who currently work in the

Cover International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Volume 16 (2021): Issue 12 (Dec 2021)