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that urinary dehydration markers (both field and laboratory) exhibit large variability and inconsistency (U OSM increased by ∼16% over a 7-d period) in elite youth boxers, regardless of stable body mass or adequate macronutrient intake. 11 Sing and Peters 12 reported poor correlation between

and freestyle swimming were approximately 10% to 12%. However, the difference in men’s and women’s world records for 500-m speed skating was reduced to 7%. For all Olympic running events longer than 100 m, the sex differences in world records are relatively stable at 10% to 12%, without any clear

percentage of AQ already in qualifying positions were 32.1%, 42.9%, and 65.7% at 400 m, 800 m, and 1200 m. Race positions remained more stable throughout 800-m races (Figure  1 ) than through the 1500-m races which visual inspection of data suggests were characterized by a greater degree of positional change

exercises, the aims of this study were: (1) to identify the number of training sessions required to obtain stable and reliable results in the flywheel quarter-squat exercise, (2) to describe the influence of 4 different inertial loads (0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 kg·m 2 ) on both concentric and eccentric

. This sparked an ongoing debate 6 , 7 ; specifically, will women athletes surpass men, particularly as distance increases in sports where greater inherent body fatness poses less of a disadvantage? The performance gap (ie, % sex difference) currently appears relatively stable for international distance

. We acknowledge that the microtechnology output exhibits greater variability than ball velocity, which should be considered a limitation of the technology. However, this may be explained by the ability of elite fast bowlers to find efficiency in maintaining stable ball velocity across bowling

(11.5 [1.7] mmol·L −1 ), and remained stable thereafter (11.2 [2.1] and 11.1 [2.2] mmol·L −1 at set 4 and set 5, respectively; Figure  3 ). Figure 3 —HR (expressed in percentage of maximal HR), RPE, and [La − ] collected after each RSA and passing-skill set. Significantly different from set 1: ** P

velocity-based training. First, the resistance-exercise intensity can be adjusted on a daily basis due to the linear and stable relationship between mean velocity (MV) and relative load (ie, the percentage of 1-repetition maximum [%1RM]). 8 – 10 Second, the volume of the training set or session can be

100 m. E an,al decreased from length to length ( P  < .05), whereas E aer increased substantially up to 75 m ( P  < .05). E an,lac remained stable up to L 75–100 . Performance was 15% lower in freestyle swimmers compared with backstrokers ( P  < .05; Table  2 ). The breaststroke swimmers also