Posture becomes integrated with other goal-directed behaviors early in infancy and continues to develop into the second decade of life. However, the developmental time course over which posture is stabilized relative to the base of support during a dynamic manual precision task has not been examined. Postural-manual integration was assessed in 7-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and adults using a postural-manual task in which task precision (target fitting size) and postural difficulty (reaching distance to a target) were manipulated. The main dependent variable was postural time-to-contact (TtC). Results indicated systematic age effects in which TtC was shortest in the 7-year-olds, increased in the 10-year-olds, and was longest in the adults. Across all age levels, TtC was longer when performing a precision ft compared with a nonprecision ft and when fitting at a near target compared with fitting at a far target. Finally, TtC increased over the course of the manual fitting task, suggesting that posture became increasingly stable as the hand approached the opening. The ability to modulate postural TtC during the course of the fitting trial was most pronounced in adults as compared with both groups of children. These results suggest that even by 10-years of age, children are not yet able to fully integrate postural movements with goal directed manual tasks at adult-like levels.
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Developmental Changes in Postural Stability During the Performance of a Precision Manual Task
Jeffrey M. Haddad, Laura J. Claxton, Dawn K. Melzer, Joseph Hamill, and Richard E. A. van Emmerik
Actual and Perceived Motor Competence, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in Schoolchildren: Latent Profile and Transition Analyses
Iiris Kolunsarka, Arto Gråstén, Mikko Huhtiniemi, and Timo Jaakkola
) Can qualitatively distinct subgroups of children based on cardiorespiratory fitness, motor competence, perceived motor competence, physical activity, and weight status be identified? and (b) Do these profiles remain stable over time? Materials and Methods Participants and Procedure This 3-year follow-up study was
Motor Development Research: I. The Lessons of History Revisited (the 18th to the 20th Century)
Jill Whitall, Nadja Schott, Leah E. Robinson, Farid Bardid, and Jane E. Clark
). Following principles of non-linear thermodynamics, these findings could be interpreted as an example of a stable system state, the state of walking, that occurs within boundary conditions or constraints within which the walking state can exist without alteration of its form. That is, infant walking exists
A Longitudinal Examination of the Accuracy of Perceived Physical Competence in Middle Childhood
Stephanie Field, Jeff Crane, Patti-Jean Naylor, and Viviene Temple
colleagues ( 2019 ) reported stable perceptions for boys and girls aged 8–11 years across a one-year period. Wigfield et al. also found that boys had more positive competence beliefs than the girls in their study. This trend toward boys reporting higher levels of perceived physical competence than girls is
Use of Acoustic Feedback to Change Gait Patterns: Implementation and Transfer to Motor Learning Theory—A Scoping Review
Dagmar Linnhoff, Shahab Alizadeh, Nina Schaffert, and Klaus Mattes
coded movement representations that are stable over time and automatically controlled. Taken together, all studies that used acoustic error feedback may have led to positive results in movement correction but this type of feedback seems to be not beneficial for effectively changing gait patterns on a
What Do We Know About Motor Development of Preterm Children Without Major Neurological Damage and Disorder? A Narrative Review
Charline Madelaine, Nicolas Benguigui, and Michèle Molina
cerebral palsy compared with Epipage 1 ( Ancel et al., 2006 ). In a study addressing the evolution between 1990 and 2005, van Haastert et al. ( 2011 ) observed a decrease of the incidence and severity of cerebral palsy between 1990 and 1993, remaining stable thereafter. Various meta-analyses also
Hand Movements in Communicative and Noncommunicative Situations in Very Young Infants: A Preliminary Study
Eszter Somogyi, Laurent Salomon, and Jacqueline Fagard
stimulus, whereas the introduction of a visual stimulus induced more RH than LH movements directed toward the target ( Rader & Stern, 1982 ). In one longitudinal study, it was found that a stable tendency to orient the head toward one side during the first weeks predicts handedness rather well for
Coordination Dynamics in Motor Learning: Acquisition and Adaptation in a Serial Stimulus Tracking Task
Matheus M. Pacheco, Natália F.A. Ambrósio, Fernando G. Santos, Go Tani, and Luciano Basso
oscillation of Kelso ( 1984 , 1995 ). The original experiment demonstrated that individuals flexing/extending their fingers continuously were able to maintain two stable coordination patterns: in- (0°) and antiphase (180°) movements. Importantly, it demonstrated that increases in the frequency of oscillation
Developmental Progression and Sex Differences in Agility During Continuous Two-Footed Jumping Among Children Aged 4–16 Years
Ayane Muro, Nozomi Takatoku, Chiaki Ohtaka, Motoko Fujiwara, and Hiroki Nakata
, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan ). That is, to perform stable jumping accurately, physical control in terms of time and space at a specified interval is needed. Therefore, the ability required for CTJ is clearly different from those for standing long and vertical jumps, which require
Ability of Adjusting Grip Strength From Childhood to Adulthood
Chiaki Ohtaka and Motoko Fujiwara
during the 500-ms interval after maintaining the force of participants in all tasks. We selected this analysis interval following previous studies that evaluated the accuracy of force control ( Ohtaka & Fujiwara, 2019 , 2022 ) to extract a stable interval immediately after the adjustment and minimize
