Despite the widespread use of heart rate (HR) monitors to precisely quantify external and internal training load (TL), studies in sports cardiology have consistently relied on questionnaires to assess TL. These questionnaires are known to be less valid and reliable to evaluate long-term TL as
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Semiautomatic Training Load Determination in Endurance Athletes
Christophe Dausin, Sergio Ruiz-Carmona, Ruben De Bosscher, Kristel Janssens, Lieven Herbots, Hein Heidbuchel, Peter Hespel, Véronique Cornelissen, Rik Willems, André La Gerche, Guido Claessen, and on behalf of the Pro@Heart Consortium*
Athlete Resilience Trajectories Across Competitive Training: The Influence of Physical and Psychological Stress
Nikki E. Barczak-Scarboro, Emily Kroshus, Brett Pexa, Johna K. Register Mihalik, and J.D. DeFreese
; Impellizzeri et al., 2004 ; Scott et al., 2013 ; Wallace et al., 2014 ). Daily total loads can then be summed to assess the cumulative load that an individual is experiencing over a given period of time ( Bowen et al., 2017 ; Colby et al., 2014 ; Gabbett et al., 2014 ). Accordingly, training load variables
Examining Perceptions of Teammates’ Burnout and Training Hours in Athlete Burnout
Ralph Appleby, Paul Davis, Louise Davis, and Henrik Gustafsson
is proposed as a key contributor to the development of burnout ( Gould & Dieffenbach, 2002 ; Kenttä, Hassmén, & Raglin, 2001 ; Raglin & Wilson, 2000 ), with qualitative research outlining the link between high training load and the development of burnout ( Cresswell & Eklund, 2006a ; 2007a
Erratum. Semiautomatic Training Load Determination in Endurance Athletes
Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour
TO OUR READERS: A change was made to the following article after its initial publication online and in print: Dausin, C., Ruiz-Carmona, S., De Bosscher, R., et al. Semiautomatic training load determination in endurance athletes. Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour . 2023
Effect of Resistance Training Intensity on Blood Pressure in Older Women
Alex S. Ribeiro, João Pedro Nunes, Karina E. Coronado, Aluísio Andrade-Lima, Leandro dos Santos, Andreo F. Aguiar, Brad J. Schoenfeld, and Edilson S. Cyrino
failure with 8RM compared with 70% of an 8RM load and repetitions not performed to failure in older women. However, to our knowledge, the chronic effects of RT with different training loads and repetitions performed until failure on BP in older women are less understood. Although a correlation between the
Is Exercise Prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation Influenced by Physical Capacity or Cardiac Intervention?
Kym Joanne Price, Brett Ashley Gordon, Kim Gray, Kerri Gergely, Stephen Richard Bird, and Amanda Clare Benson
the first and second exercise sessions, and the mean of the third and fourth sessions. Mean resistance training load was determined by multiplying the mass lifted by the number of sets and repetitions for the same sessions as aerobic training intensity. Data were excluded when there were greater than
Prevalence of Burnout in Competitive Adolescent Athletes
Henrik Gustafsson, Göran Kenttä, Peter Hassmén, and Carolina Lundqvist
This study examined the factorial validity of the Eades Burnout Inventory (EABI) and the prevalence of burnout in adolescent elite athletes and whether burnout is more common in individual sports than in team sports. The EABI was distributed to 980 athletes (402 females and 578 males) in 29 different sports. Confirmatory-factor analyses revealed an acceptable factorial validity for a theoretically supported four-factor model of the EABI. Between 1% and 9% of the athletes displayed elevated burnout scores on these four subscales. The hypothesis of higher prevalence of burnout in individual sports was, however, not supported. Furthermore, no correlation between training load and burnout scores was found. These findings suggest that factors other than training load must be considered when athletes at risk for burnout are investigated.
Assessing Stress and Recovery during Preparation for the World Championships in Rowing
Michael Kellmann, Dieter Altenburg, Werner Lormes, and Jürgen M. Steinacker
Training stress and adequate recovery have been identified as important factors to enhance performance in sports and to avoid overtraining. Research dealing with training monitoring and overtraining is mostly based on the Profile of Mood Stales (POMS). Recently, Kellmann and Kallus (2000, 2001) published the Recovery-Stress-Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), which assesses training effects from the perspective of stress and recovery. During a six-week training camp before and at the World Championships, 24 female and 30 male rowers of the German Junior National Rowing Team completed the RESTQ-Sport and the POMS six times. Results of selected MANOVA’s revealed significant increases of stress and decreases of recovery when training load expands, and vice versa. Changes in mood, creatine kinase, and ergometer performance reflect the alteration and success of training. These results suggest that the RESTQ-Sport is a potential alternative to the POMS in evaluating the impact of various training schedules.
Positive Emotions Are Not Simply the Absence of the Negative Ones: Development and Validation of the Emotional Recovery Questionnaire (EmRecQ)
Carolina Lundqvist and Göran Kenttä
The purpose of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Emotional Recovery Questionnaire (EmRecQ) and to describe athletes’ individual response patterns in five repeated assessments using the EmRecQ. Three samples were used. Samples 1 and 2 consisted of 192 and 379 (Mean age 16.4 years, SD = 0.7 and Mean age: 17.0 years, SD = 1.1) elite athletes from different sports. The third sample consisted of 20 (Mean age: 21.3, SD = 19.0) female elite basketball players. The EmRecQ is a 22-item questionnaire that assesses Happiness, Security, Harmony, Love, and Vitality. Results showed acceptable weighted omega reliability and construct reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the a priori specified five-factor correlated model. Case profiles of repeated assessments revealed individual response patterns of the separate EmRecQ subscales that corresponded well with rated training load and total quality of recovery. The findings provide support for the EmRecQ’s psychometric properties and applied usefulness.
Accelerated Decline in Running Performance in a Master Runner with a History of a Large Volume of Training and Racing
Mike I. Lambert, Lise Bryer, David B. Hampson, Les Nobbs, Andrea M. Rapolthy, M. Sharhidd Taliep, and L. Wayne Viljoen
The aim of this study was to measure the change in running performance in a runner from age 27–64 years. During this time the runner had a history of high-volume training and racing. The change in his average running speed over 10-, 21.1-, 42.2-, and 90-km races was compared with the changes in the age-group records for each distance. He trained an average of 4,051 ± 1,762 km/year and ran 16,604 km during races. His training load reached a peak of 7,596 km/year at the age of 33. His rate of decline in running performance was higher than the expected age decline at 47 years for 10-km, 47 years for 21.1-km, 40 years for the 42.2-km, and 48 years for 90-km races. Decreases in performance with increasing age could be explained by reduced training volume, or, alternatively, high volumes of training and racing might accelerate the normal age-related decrements in running performance.
