Training-load prescription in team-sport athletes is a balance between performance improvement 1 , 2 and injury-risk reduction. 3 – 6 The manipulation of training intensity, duration, and frequency to induce improvements in athletic performance is a fundamental objective of training
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Optimizing Preseason Training Loads in Australian Football
David L. Carey, Justin Crow, Kok-Leong Ong, Peter Blanch, Meg E. Morris, Ben J. Dascombe, and Kay M. Crossley
Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years On
Franco M. Impellizzeri, Samuele M. Marcora, and Aaron J. Coutts
The concepts of internal and external training load were first presented at the Eighth Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science in Salzburg, Austria (2003) 1 at an invited session and symposium organized by Tom Reilly. The content of this presentation was included in 2 follow
Semiautomatic Training Load Determination in Endurance Athletes
Christophe Dausin, Sergio Ruiz-Carmona, Ruben De Bosscher, Kristel Janssens, Lieven Herbots, Hein Heidbuchel, Peter Hespel, Véronique Cornelissen, Rik Willems, André La Gerche, Guido Claessen, and on behalf of the Pro@Heart Consortium*
Despite the widespread use of heart rate (HR) monitors to precisely quantify external and internal training load (TL), studies in sports cardiology have consistently relied on questionnaires to assess TL. These questionnaires are known to be less valid and reliable to evaluate long-term TL as
Technical and Tactical Training Load in Professional Volleyball Players
Thiago S. Duarte, Danilo L. Alves, Danilo R. Coimbra, Bernardo Miloski, João C. Bouzas Marins, and Maurício G. Bara Filho
The training process aims to promote specific and positive adaptations to increase sports performance. 1 – 4 In this sense, the correct application of training loads and monitoring of athletes’ responses are essential to make the necessary adjustments in the periodization of training and adapt to
Validity of the Training-Load Concept
Louis Passfield, Juan M. Murias, Massimo Sacchetti, and Andrea Nicolò
An athlete’s training can be quantified in terms of its training load (TL), an important concept originally devised by Banister et al 1 that combines training-session intensity and duration in a manner proposed to represent a “dose” of training. Cumulated over multiple sessions, TL is commonly
The Influence of Exercise Modality on Training Load Management
Øyvind Sandbakk, Thomas Haugen, and Gertjan Ettema
Training load management is crucial for the optimization of athlete training responses, competition readiness, and minimizing the risk of injury, illness, and nonfunctional overreaching. 1 Training load is traditionally determined by a series of components, such as training volume (duration
Positional Differences in Elite Basketball: Selecting Appropriate Training-Load Measures
Luka Svilar, Julen Castellano, Igor Jukic, and David Casamichana
load has received a lot of attention in recent years 2 , 3 due to its important role in improving performance and mitigating injuries. 4 Accurate monitoring of the training load provides the coach with a better understanding of individual tolerance to training 5 and provides a solid basis for optimal
Individual Response to External Training Load in Elite Football Players
Håvard Wiig, Thor Einar Andersen, Live S. Luteberget, and Matt Spencer
Monitoring and managing training load may assist to achieve the desired training outcome 1 and reduce injury risk. 2 , 3 However, quantifying training load accurately and reliably is challenging in team sports due to the complexity of movements and actions, and the constant shifting intensities
Seasonal Training Load and Wellness Monitoring in a Professional Soccer Goalkeeper
James J. Malone, Arne Jaspers, Werner Helsen, Brenda Merks, Wouter G.P. Frencken, and Michel S. Brink
, tactical and small-sided game drills). Therefore, the training load reference values that have been previously detailed for outfield players 4 would not be applicable for GKs. The quantification of external training load is crucial to understand the training process. However, it is equally as important to
The Preparation Period in Basketball: Training Load and Neuromuscular Adaptations
Davide Ferioli, Andrea Bosio, Johann C. Bilsborough, Antonio La Torre, Michele Tornaghi, and Ermanno Rampinini
The quantification of training load (TL) is a common practice in basketball, with the aim to ensure that players achieve an adequate training stimulus and to reduce the negative consequences of training (ie, risk of injury and nonfunctional overreaching) and the chances of undertraining. 1 , 2 The
