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Significant Energy Deficit and Suboptimal Sleep During a Junior Academy Tennis Training Camp

James A. Fleming, Liam D. Corr, James Earle, Robert J. Naughton, and Liam D. Harper

At an early age, tennis players often exceed 15 to 20 hours of training per week ( 28 ). In preparation for tournaments, players are exposed to high training loads and often undergo high-intensity training camps ( 17 ). Training camps are typically characterized by an increase in load and volume

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Accumulative Weekly External and Internal Load Relative to Match Load in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players

Vicente de Dios-Álvarez, Pello Alkain, Julen Castellano, and Ezequiel Rey

Quantification and monitoring of both training and match load could help coaches and strength and conditioning specialists to periodize the training process in soccer much better, aiming to increase team performance ( 22 ) and reduce the risk of injury ( 11 ). Generally, training load can be

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The Endocrine Response to Exercise and Training in Young Athletes

Alon Eliakim and Dan Nemet

The manuscript “Plasma Somatomedin-C in 8- to 10-Year-Old Swimmers” by Denison and Ben-Ezra published in the first issue of Pediatric Exercise Science in 1989 was among the first to address the relationship between growth, the growth hormone (GH)/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, and exercise. Since their pioneering article, this topic has become of great interest to pediatricians and pediatric exercise researchers, and today our understanding of the effects of exercise training on the growth axis during childhood and puberty, on differences between systemic and local (i.e., muscle) responses to exercise, and our ability to use these responses to assist the adolescent competitive athlete in the evaluation of the training load have markedly improved. The aim of the present review is to summarize our current knowledge on this topic.

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Psychophysiological Responses to Overloading and Tapering Phases in Elite Young Soccer Players

Camila G. Freitas, Marcelo S. Aoki, Clovis A. Franciscon, Ademir F.S. Arruda, Christopher Carling, and Alexandre Moreira

This study investigated the effect of a 2-week overloading training phase followed by a 2-week tapering phase on internal training load (ITL), salivary cortisol, stress tolerance, and upper respiratory tract infections symptoms (URTI) in 11 male young soccer players (16.0 ± 0.5 yrs). Ratings of perceived exertion (session-RPE) were taken after each training session (N = 194) to determine ITL. Saliva sampling was conducted at the end of each week and cortisol concentration assessed by ELISA. DALDA and WURSS-21 questionnaires were administered every week to evaluate stress tolerance and severity of URTI respectively. The number of athletes reporting URTI symptoms was recorded. The overloading phase promoted greater ITL and a higher resting cortisol concentration than the tapering phase (P < .05). While no significant changes in stress tolerance or URTI severity were observed, the number of athletes reporting URTI symptoms was higher during the overloading phase. A significant correlation was observed between symptoms of stress and severity of URTI (rs=-.71; P = .01). The results indicate that an integrated approach using psychological measures (session-RPE and DALDA), self-reports of URTI symptoms, and endocrine responses (cortisol) to training are pertinent for monitoring young soccer players.

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Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on the Vascular and Autonomic Components of the Baroreflex at Rest in Adolescents

Ricardo S. Oliveira, Alan R. Barker, Sascha H. Kranen, Florian Debras, and Craig A. Williams

. For the CON group, no intervention was performed. All participants in the present investigation kept their usual physical activity, exercise, and physical education routines. For all training sessions, HR was monitored (Polar Team2; Polar) and internal training load calculated using the Edward

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Poor Reliability of Measurement Instruments to Assess Acute Responses to Load in Soccer Players Irrespective of Biological Maturity Status

Ludwig Ruf, Barry Drust, Paul Ehmann, Sabrina Forster, Anne Hecksteden, and Tim Meyer

Developing youth athletes is a complex and dynamic process which requires the integration of a multitude of activities to foster their development across years. This process also encompasses balancing the accumulation of training load and subsequent acute and chronic responses. Athlete monitoring

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Is Biobanding the Future of Youth Sport Participation?

Nicole J. Chimera, Bareket Falk, Panagiota Klentrou, and Phillip Sullivan

, 45 , 48 , 65 ). On the other hand, late maturers have a greater risk of overuse injuries ( 84 ), suggesting that training load should be adjusted based on maturity level with tailored injury reduction programs implemented ( 86 ) to minimize injury risk and maximize player development. The change in

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The Development of Fast, Fit, and Fatigue Resistant Youth Field and Court Sport Athletes: A Narrative Review

Joey C. Eisenmann, Jason Hettler, and Kevin Till

microtechnology (eg, global positioning system [GPS]) to monitor training load in some youth sports organizations ( 57 ), there is the potential to obtain MSS from such technology. A recent review article concluded that MSS values obtained through GPS systems may be considered valid and reliable only when

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Effects of Short- Versus Long-Distance Repeated-Sprint Ability Training on Physical Performance in Youth Male Soccer Players

Diego Fernández-Penedo, Alberto García-Santamaría, Miguel Lorenzo-Martínez, Samuel Carrera, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Pablo B. Costa, and Ezequiel Rey

distance per session, as detailed in Table  2 . Table 2 Summary of Training Load Progression Week Group Distance, m Sets Repetitions Distance per session, m Distance per week, m Recovery between repetitions, s Recovery between sets, s 1 RSA-15 15 3 8 360 720 20 240 RSA-30 30 2 6 360 720 20 240 2 RSA-15 15

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Running Habits and Injury Frequency Following COVID-19 Restrictions in Adolescent Long-Distance Runners

Rachel N. Meyers, Micah C. Garcia, Jeffery A. Taylor-Haas, Jason T. Long, Mitchell J. Rauh, Mark V. Paterno, Kevin R. Ford, and David M. Bazett-Jones

– 58 . 6. Cross MJ , Williams S , Trewartha G , Kemp SP , Stokes KA . The influence of in-season training loads on injury risk in professional rugby union . Int J Sports Physiol Perform . 2016 ; 11 ( 3 ): 350 – 55 . doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0187 7. Dale LP , Vanderloo L , Moore