competitions, an advantage of performance linked to this male hormone and whether trans athletes are systematically winning all competitions. The answer to this latter question, are trans athletes winning everything, is simple—that’s not the case. (as cited in Ermyas & Wakeam, 2021 , para. 8) Thus, efforts to
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Transgender Inclusion in Sport
George B. Cunningham, Risa Isard, and E. Nicole Melton
The History of Physical Activity in the Past, Present, and Future of Kinesiology’s Big Questions, Hot Topics, and Prospects for Integration
Mark Dyreson and Jaime Schultz
-nonconforming athletes, and trans-athletes should compete. At the same time, these debates from sport science “can act to essentialize social categories,” argues historian of medicine Vanessa Heggie ( 2010 , p. 158). The result is to insist that women athletes conform to the scientifically established parameters of
Female Testosterone: Contested Terrain
Vikki Krane, Emma Calow, and Brandy Panunti
their policy. IOC adopts 2015 consensus statement which states trans athletes must have testosterone <10 nmol/L and encourages the IAAF to provide evidence to the CAS to support the reinstatement of its hyperandrogenism regulations. 2016 Chand competes in the Rio Olympics. 2017 IAAF-commissioned study
A Multilevel Model to Explain the Opportunities for and Experiences of LGBTQ+ People in Elite American Football
George B. Cunningham, Kelsey M. Garrison, and Umer Hussain
potential to cause harm (e.g., especially for trans athletes). Political Ideology Closely related to the laws in a community or state is the prevailing political ideology in that setting. Research evidence suggests, for example, that people holding politically conservative views are unlikely to endorse