and female), recruited from 3 institutions, who were students at the University of Málaga and University of Seville and the Triathlon Club of Nerja (Málaga, Spain) from December 2016 to June 2019. All subjects were at least 18 years old and were able to follow the study instructions. Informed consent
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Morphological Characteristics of Passive and Active Structures of the Foot Across Populations With Different Levels of Physical Activity
Inmaculada Reina-Martin, Santiago Navarro-Ledesma, Ana Belen Ortega-Avila, Kevin Deschamps, Alfonso Martinez-Franco, Alejandro Luque-Suarez, and Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron
Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: What Sport-Rehabilitation Specialists Need to Know
Christian C. Evans and Sandra L. Cassady
Objective:
To describe the underlying conditions that predispose athletes to sudden cardiac death (SCD) and review signs and symptoms that indicate an athlete is at risk.
Data Sources:
MEDLINE, the Los Angeles Times and Triathlon Times archives, and other sources identified in the references of articles initially located therein. A total of 43 references were included.
Conclusions:
Most cases of SCD in younger athletes (≤35 years) are attributable to multiple hereditary conditions, with familial hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy being the primary cause, whereas the major cause of SCD in older athletes (>35 years) is coronary artery disease. Health-care professionals evaluating athletes should pay particular attention to past medical and family history. Items in an athlete’s screening that suggest increased risk include a history of chest pain, syncope, excessive shortness of breath, irregular heart rate or murmur, or a history of SCD in an immediate family member.
The Effectiveness of Compression Socks for Athletic Performance and Recovery
Justin M. Stanek
Clinical Scenario:
The popularity of compression socks has increased substantially among athletes, particularly those participating in endurance events such as running and triathlon. Companies are increasingly marketing compression stockings to runners, triathletes, and other endurance athletes for the benefits of improved performance and/or decreased recovery time. Originally developed for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, compression socks are now marketed as a tool to improve venous return, thus believed to improve both performance and recovery in athletes. The use of compression socks during training aims to help the skeletal-muscle pump, increase deep venous velocity, and/or decrease blood pooling in the calf veins and alleviate delayed-onset muscle soreness. The scenario is a 28-y-old recreational triathlete seeking your advice while training for her first half-Ironman. She occasionally complains of tightness in the calves both during and after running. She wants your opinion on the effectiveness of using compression socks to help her performance and recovery.
Focused Clinical Question:
What is the effectiveness of using graduated compression socks for improving athletic performance and decreasing recovery time in healthy endurance athletes?
Does Prophylactic Stretching Reduce the Occurrence of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramping? A Critically Appraised Topic
John W. Evers-Smith and Kevin C. Miller
, and BMI not reported) Experimental design Case control study Prospective cohort study Prospective cohort study Prospective cohort study Oxford Level of Evidence (2011) 4 3 3 3 JBI quality score 10 of 10 9 of 11 8 of 11 8 of 11 Exercise event 2006 and 2007 Ironman Triathlon 2010 Ironman Triathlon 56-km
The Single Hop for Distance Test: Reviewing the Methodology to Measure Maximum and Repeated Performance
Alice Judd and Tim Sharp
per week, h 7 (4) Sports participated in (number of participants) Running (2), football (1), karate (1), rugby (2), cycling (1), athletics (1), lacrosse (3), triathlon (2), ultimate frisbee (1), netball (2), and mixed martial arts (1) Note: Values are presented as mean (SD). Limb Symmetry Index Table
The Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on the Reduction of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Endurance Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic
Hannah L. Stedge and Kirk Armstrong
of intensive exercise, such as endurance running or triathlon competition. Athletes attempt to speed their recovery following endurance events in various ways, one of which is through compression. Dynamic compression consists of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices, such as the NormaTec
The Sleep Parameters of Paralympic Athletes: Characteristics and Assessment Instruments
Isadora Grade, Henrique Andrade, Renato Guerreiro, Eduardo Stieler, Flavia R. da Silva, Hesojy G.V. da Silva, Roberto Vital, Renan A. Resende, Dawit A.P. Gonçalves, André G. Andrade, Marco T. de Mello, and Andressa Silva
, and VI (collection of 6 saliva samples) - IT: days 8–21 (1 saliva sample) - Post-IT: days 22–35 Paralympic modalities: Para-triathlon Sanz-Milone et al 51 Subjects: 06 Paralympic athletes Period: - Preseason: athletes were returning from vacation - PSQI - ESS - HO - TST actigraphy (h) preseason 04
Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid Injections, Prolotherapy, and Exercise Therapy on Partial-Thickness Supraspinatus Tears
Ali Eroglu and Melda Pelin Yargic
= 18), swimming (n = 12), cycling (n = 11), triathlon (n = 11), mountain climbing (n = 8), and track and field (n = 4). According to the ANOVA results, participants’ age did not vary significantly among treatment groups ( F 2,61 = 0.174, P = .84). Table 1 Patient Characteristics PRO, n = 20 EXE, n
Are Functional Movement Screen Tests Performed at the Right Time, if It Is an Injury Risk Predictor?
Umut Ziya Kocak and Bayram Unver
-017-0798-8 10.1007/s40279-017-0798-8 45. Nunes GS , Bender PU , de Menezes FS , Yamashitafuji I , Vargas VZ , Wageck B . Massage therapy decreases pain and perceived fatigue after long-distance Ironman triathlon: a randomised trial . J Physiother . 2016 ; 62 ( 2 ): 83 – 87 . PubMed ID
Roller Massage Prior to Running Does Not Affect Gait Mechanics in Well-Trained Runners
Jessica G. Hunter, Gina L. Garcia, Sushant M. Ranadive, Jae Kun Shim, and Ross H. Miller
Recreational endurance athletes from the local community were recruited to participate via contact with local running and triathlon clubs. Inclusion criteria were (1) age between 18 and 35 years, (2) run at least 3 times/week, (3) no history of musculoskeletal injury that affected the ability to run within the
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