The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of concurrent verbal protocols to identify and map thought processes of players during a golf-putting task. Three novice golfers and three experienced golfers performed twenty 12-foot putts while thinking aloud. Verbalizations were transcribed verbatim and coded using an inductive method. Content analysis and event-sequence analysis were performed. Mapping of thought sequences indicated that experienced players’ cognitive processes centered on gathering information and planning, while beginners focused on technical aspects. Experienced players diagnosed current performance aspects more often than beginners did and were more likely to use this information to plan the next putt. These results are consistent with experienced players’ higher domain-specific knowledge and less reliance on step-by-step monitoring of motor performance than beginners. The methods used for recording, analyzing, and interpreting on-line thoughts of performers shed light on cognitive processes, which have implications for research.
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Luis Calmeiro and Gershon Tenenbaum
David G. Behm, Nehara Herat, Gerard M.J. Power, Joseph A. Brosky, Phil Page, and Shahab Alizadeh
built-in calibration routine that verifies a valid calibration. The pain threshold was defined as the minimum pressure that induced pain. 25 Participants were instructed to provide a verbal report as soon as the quality of sensation changed from pressure to pain 25 , 26 at which point the algometer
Richard J. Boergers, Thomas G. Bowman, Nicole Sgherza, Marguerite Montjoy, Melanie Lu, and Christopher W. O’Brien
. Ericsson KA , Simon HA . Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data . London, UK : A Bradford Book ; 1993 . 17. Sudman S , Bradburn NM , Schwartz N . Thinking About Answers: The Application of Cognitive Processes to Survey Methodology . 1st ed. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass ; 1996
Reynold W.L. Lee, Andy C.Y. Tse, and Thomson W.L. Wong
phase to assess the number of skills, knowledge, or rules (motor rules) obtained from the learning phase ( Liao & Masters, 2001 ). Verbal protocols can be defined as verbal reports that are collected by asking participants to verbalize the thoughts (motor rules) generated during the execution of a motor
Jin Bo, Bo Shen, Liangsan Dong, YanLi Pang, Yu Xing, Mingting Zhang, Yuan Xiang, Patricia C. Lasutschinkow, and Dan Li
generation task and a recognition task (details in Destrebecqz & Cleeremans, 2001 ), were administered at the end. It has been argued that valid tests of explicit sequence knowledge should involve forced-choice tasks, such as generation or recognition because simple verbal reports do not constitute
Aaron Manzanares, Ruperto Menayo, and Francisco Segado
development of competitive sailing. References Afonso , J. , Garganta , J. , McRobert , A. , Williams , A.M. , & Mesquita , I. ( 2012 ). The perceptual cognitive processes under pinning skilled performance in volleyball: Evidence from eye-movements and verbal reports of thinking involving an in
Joy Khayat, Stéphane Champely, Ahmad Diab, Ahmad Rifai Sarraj, and Patrick Fargier
.5964/jnc.v3i3.102 Thevenot , C. , Castel , C. , Fanget , M. , & Fayol , M. ( 2010 ). Mental subtraction in high- and lower skilled arithmetic problem solvers: Verbal report versus operand-recognition paradigms . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36 ( 5
Leonardo S. Fortes, Maicon R. Albuquerque, Heloiana K.C. Faro, Dalton de Lima-Júnior, Maria E.C. Ferreira, and Sebastião S. Almeida
underpinning skilled performance in volleyball: Evidence from eye-movements and verbal reports of thinking involving an in situ representative task . Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11, 339 – 345 . Angius , L. , Hopker , J. , & Mauger , A.R. ( 2017 ). The ergogenic effects of transcranial
