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, 17 ( 4 ), 356 – 363 . doi:10.1002/jtr.1993 10.1002/jtr.1993 Rust , E. ( 2020 ). Understanding experiential value creation at small-scale events: A multi-stakeholder perspective . Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 12 ( 3 ), 344 – 362 . doi:10

America in 2017 ( International Event Group, 2018 ). In its early stages, sport event sponsorship was associated with a partnership between global brands and spectator sport events, such as the Olympic Games or FIFA World Cup ( Smith et al., 2016 ). However, sponsoring small-scale events has emerged as a

-Saharan Africa, small-scale event-organizing committee in rural South-East Asia) that may allow for critical thinking about the conflict between dominant sport management practice, the struggle for human rights within the realm of sports, and the misrepresentation or lack of broader changes in sport policy in

.J. ( 2012 ). Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study in sustainable tourism . Sport Management Review, 15 ( 2 ), 160 – 170 . doi:10.1016/j.smr.2011.08.013 10.1016/j.smr.2011.08.013 Gibson , H.J. , Lamont , M. , Kennelly , M. , & Buning , R.J. ( 2018 ). Introduction to the special issue

either large- or small-scale events, and the presence of a homogenous (narrow) or heterogenous (wide) event range ( Ziakas, 2019 ). More formalized, top–down structures are advantageous in cities with clear objectives, targets, rules, and protocols. However, issues may arise if return on investment is

’s ( 2015 ) approach to study a soccer-for-the-homeless event, a smaller scale event than considered in our study]. The findings may then inspire future model development on the social leverage of mega-sport events ( Chalip, 2006 , 2018 ; O’Brien & Chalip, 2008 ), where liminality is the core leverageable

measured. For small-scale events, such as high school basketball games, the impacts for the game will mostly be limited to a local or regional level. However, for the FIFA World Cup, because air travel to megaevents by spectators and participants is a large part of the carbon footprint of these megaevents

-bodied sport event, to add to the deeper understanding of volunteer experiences in sports events. While Kodama et al. ( 2013 ) and Sadd ( 2018 ) conducted autoethnographies in a mega-sport event (i.e., Olympic Games), there is a lack of autoethnographic research in smaller scale events (e

.J. , Kaplanidou , K. , & Kang , S.J. ( 2012 ). Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study in sustainable tourism . Sport Management Review, 15 ( 2 ), 160 – 170 . doi:10.1016/j.smr.2011.08.013 10.1016/j.smr.2011.08.013 Glaser , B.G. , & Strauss , A. ( 1977 ). Grounded theory . In N. Denzin (Ed