variable of muscle dysmorphia (MD). People with MD have a constant mental preoccupation with having a muscular body and, as a result, do excessive bodybuilding exercises. MD, defined as obsessive–compulsive disorder and related disorders, is a subcategory of body dysmorphic disorder, in which the defect in
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Early Maladaptive Schemas, Cognitive Fusion, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Attitudes: The Mediating Role of Muscle Dysmorphia in Iran
Mehdi Ebrahimi, Zahra Zamani, and Ebrahim Bagheri
Eating Behaviors Among Male Bodybuilders and Runners: Application of the Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation
Lisa Chaba, Stéphanie Scoffier-Mériaux, Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville, and Vanessa Lentillon-Kaestner
’Arripe-Longueville, Lentillon-Kaestner, & Mériaux-Scoffier 2018 ; Davis & Scott-Robertson, 2000 ). Numerous studies on male bodybuilders have focused on muscle dysmorphia (e.g., Fabris et al., 2018 ; Palazón-Bru et al., 2018 ). This pathology is present when individuals perceive themselves as small and weak (e.g., Pope