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Chapter 3: The Relationship of Physical Fitness and Motor Competence to Physical Activity

Darla M. Castelli and Julia A. Valley

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Chapter 4: A Comparison of Personal Attributes and Experiences among Physically Active and Inactive Children

Darla M. Castelli and Heather E. Erwin

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Chapter 7: Selective Integration: Roles for Public Health, Kinesiology, and Physical Education

Darla M. Castelli and Latrice Sales Mitchell

The authors explore the priorities for American physical education in the 21st century and reconsider the role of physical education teacher education. Purpose: This chapter will discuss the potential intersection of kinesiology, physical education, and public health with the assumption that their selective integration has the potential to stimulate the development of innovative pedagogical practices and new program designs. Method: A narrative summary of published works was used to support the rationale for reciprocal selective integration to increase the impact of physical education, kinesiology, and public health efforts to enhance health and well-being. Results: The practices and programs should be specialized and pedagogically focused to advance integrative, community-based approaches designed to achieve the national physical education standards and improve health and well-being. These new approaches are timely and essential in schools and communities, especially those where children and families experience adversity. Discussion/Conclusion: There are many ways in which selective integration can transpire. A redesign of physical education teacher education is warranted and timely.

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Chapter 1: Setting the Stage—Research into Physical Activity Relationships and Children’s Progress Toward Achievement of the National Standards

Kim C. Graber, Amelia Mays Woods, and Darla M. Castelli

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Chapter 4 Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs: Characteristics of Trained Teachers

Erin E. Centeio, Heather Erwin, and Darla M. Castelli

As public health concerns about physical inactivity and childhood obesity continue to rise, researchers are calling for interventions that comprehensively lead to more opportunities to participate in physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and attitudes of trained physical education teachers during the implementation of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program at the elementary level. Using a collective case study design, interviews, observations, field notes, open-ended survey questions, and an online forum monitoring guided the interpretation of teacher perceptions and development of emergent themes. Qualitative data analysis was conducted for each individual teacher and then across the ten teachers which produced four major themes: (a) Leading the Charge: Ready, Set, Go!, (b) Adoption versus Adaptation: Implementation Varies, (c) Social Media’s Place in the Professional Development (PD) Community, and (d) Keys to Successful Implementation. It can be concluded that, based on these findings, elementary physical education teachers are ready and willing to implement CSPAP. Key factors that may influence this implementation are discussed.

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Effects of Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity on Mathematics Test Performance

David Phillips, James C. Hannon, and Darla M. Castelli

The effect of an acute bout of physical activity on academic performance in school-based settings is under researched. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between a single, vigorous (70–85%) bout of physical activity completed during physical education on standardized mathematics test performance among 72, eighth grade students at a school in the Southwestern United States. Students received both a physical activity and nonactive condition, in a repeated measures design. Academic performance measures were collected at 30 and 45-minutes post condition. It was hypothesized that students would have greater gains in mathematics test scores post physical activity condition compared with post nonactive condition. Results reported students achieved 11–22% higher math scores at 30 minutes post physical activity condition compared with other time points (45 minutes post PA, 30 and 45 minutes post sedentary) (F(1, 68) = 14.42, p < .001, d = .90). Findings suggest that physical activity may facilitate academic performance in math.

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A Preface from the Guest Editors

Kim C. Graber, Amelia Mays Woods, and Darla M. Castelli

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Special Issue: Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs

Edited by Darla M. Castelli, Russell L Carson, and Pamela Hodges Kulinna

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Teacher Caring and Perceptions of In-School Play

Sheri L. Burson, Darla M. Castelli, and Heather Erwin

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elicit salient information from K–5 teachers regarding their perceptions of in-school play. Play is not goal-focused and can be structured or unstructured, includes high or low physical activity, or utilizes gross or fine motor skills, and children participate in play for enjoyment. Method: K–5 teachers (n = 27) were asked questions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior during focus groups. Theory of Planned Behavior and Caring Theory themes were identified within and across groups with 34 codes across nine themes identified. Results: Teachers thought positively about in-school play. Play supported caring teaching, as relationships could develop and strengthen during playtime. The lack of administrative support and time was discussed as play barriers. Discussion/Conclusion: Perceptions of and desires to provide play conflict with the current educational models. An issue impacting the provision of effective, caring education has been identified. Studies on factors influencing teacher play practices are needed.

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Changes in Psychosocial Perspectives Among Physical Activity Leaders: Teacher Efficacy, Work Engagement, and Affective Commitment

Ann Pulling Kuhn, Russell L. Carson, Aaron Beighle, and Darla M. Castelli

Purpose: This study examined changes in physical education teachers’ psychosocial perspectives after participating in a yearlong professional development about Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming. Method: Twenty-three intervention teachers attended a workshop in Year 1 and received one academic year of technical assistance and mentorship, and 30 control teachers only attended a workshop in Year 2. Both groups completed pre- and post-self-reported measures on teacher efficacy, work engagement, and affective commitment. Results: At posttest, intervention teachers reported significantly higher levels of affective commitment, and a significant positive relationship was revealed between affective commitment and the degree to which before-school physical activity was implemented. More experienced teachers (>20 years) reported significantly higher levels of the work engagement subscale of vigor at posttest. Discussion/Conclusion: Participating in a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program professional development may positively influence teachers’ job commitment levels and invigorate more experienced teachers, which may relate to Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program implementation.