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Sports and Their Fans: The History, Economics, and Culture of the Relationship Between Spectator and Sport

Cheryl Cooky

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Editorial

Cheryl Cooky

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“We Cannot Stand Idly By”: A Necessary Call for a Public Sociology of Sport1

Cheryl Cooky

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Letter from the Editor: Celebrating SSJ’s 40th Anniversary

Cheryl Cooky

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Letter From the Editor

Cheryl Cooky

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If You Let Me Play: Young Girls’ Insider-Other Narratives of Sport

Cheryl Cooky and Mary G. McDonald

In this article we explore the narratives that 10 White, middle-class female athletes, ages 11–14, (co)produce around their sport experiences. Through interviews, observation, and participant observation, we argue that, consistent with the advertising rhetoric of such multinational corporations as Nike, these girls all advocate hard work, choice, opportunity, and personal responsibility in playing sport and in challenging gender discrimination. We argue this reflects the girls’ subscription to elements of liberal feminism and to their frequent positioning as “insider-others”—that is, outside the dominant gender norms of sport but simultaneously the beneficiaries of Whiteness and middle-class norms. In contrast to Nike and liberal feminists who frequently argue for equal opportunity in sport, these girls’ insider-other narratives suggest the need for critical interrogation of the multiple meanings and effects of sport experiences.

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“It’s Supposed to be About the Love of the Game, not the Love of Aaron Rodgers’ Eyes”: Challenging the Exclusions of Women Sports Fans

Katelyn Esmonde, Cheryl Cooky, and David L. Andrews

Feminist sports scholars characterize sport as a masculine domain wherein the ideology of male superiority and dominance is structurally and symbolically perpetuated. Researchers similarly identify sports fan communities as exclusionary to women and sites for the reaffirmation of gendered hierarchies. The purpose of this project is to examine the gendered meanings of sports fandom. Using semistructured interviews with eleven women who identify as fans of sports at the institutional center, we find the narratives illustrate the complex ways women define themselves in to, or define themselves out of, dominant discourses of sports fandom. The third wave feminist sensibilities employed in our analysis, and in the narrative experiences of our participants, compel us to recognize and struggle with the seeming contradictions of women sports fans. By giving voice to women sports fans, we offer a feminist intervention into the exclusionary processes that marginalize women’s sports fans.

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It’s Not About the Game: Don Imus, Race, Class, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Media

Cheryl Cooky, Faye L. Wachs, Michael Messner, and Shari L. Dworkin

Using intersectionality and hegemony theory, we critically analyze mainstream print news media’s response to Don Imus’ exchange on the 2007 NCAA women’s basketball championship game. Content and textual analysis reveals the following media frames: “invisibility and silence”; “controlling images versus women’s self-definitions”; and, “outside the frame: social issues in sport and society.” The paper situates these media frames within a broader societal context wherein 1) women’s sports are silenced, trivialized and sexualized, 2) media representations of African-American women in the U. S. have historically reproduced racism and sexism, and 3) race and class relations differentially shape dominant understandings of African-American women’s participation in sport. We conclude that news media reproduced monolithic understandings of social inequality, which lacked insight into the intersecting nature of oppression for women, both in sport and in the United States.

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Book Reviews

Cheryl Cooky, Brenda A. Riemer, James Steele, and Bea Vidacs

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Critical Reflections on the Governance of Women and Gender Expansive Athletes: An Intersectional Interdisciplinary Dialogue

Anna Posbergh, Sheree Bekker, Cheryl Cooky, Madeleine Pape, Sarah Teetzel, and Travers

In response to growing reactionary movements pushing an antigender, transphobic moral panic, sports organizations are increasingly pressured to implement policies for the women’s category that more heavily regulate and/or exclude marginalized groups of women. These efforts are the latest iteration in a long history of the paternalistic, white supremacist, heteropatriarchal governance of women athletes. Drawing on a panel convened at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport in November 2022, we present an intersectional, interdisciplinary dialogue on how “sex” has been, and is currently, weaponized to reinforce normative gender logics. Throughout our reflections, we offer perspectives on raising the stakes for representation in women’s sport, following Jennifer Doyle, to rethink women’s sport as a “radically inclusive space.”