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Clinical Measures of Shoulder Mobility in College Water-Polo Players

Aaron Witwer and Eric Sauers

Context:

Overhead stress from both swimming and throwing in water-polo players might lead to alterations in shoulder mobility and subsequent injury.

Objective:

To evaluate clinical measures of shoulder mobility in college water-polo players.

Design:

Repeated measures.

Setting:

University athletic training facility.

Patients:

31 Division I water-polo athletes.

Main Outcome Measures:

Measures were obtained for both the dominant and nondominant shoulders. Scapular upward rotation was measured using a digital inclinometer, posterior shoulder tightness was assessed by recording horizontal adduction with the scapula stabilized, and passive isolated glenohumeral-joint internal- and external-rotation range of motion were measured using goniometry.

Results:

No significant difference was observed between sides for scapular upward rotation (P = .68), posterior shoulder tightness (P = .25), or internal rotation (P = .41). A significant difference between sides was present for external rotation (P < .0001) and total arc of motion (P = .039).

Conclusions:

The dominant shoulders demonstrated significantly greater external rotation and a significantly greater total arc of motion than the nondominant shoulders did.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 15 (2006): Issue 1 (Jan 2006)

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Clinical Questions in Sport Rehabilitation: Integrating the Best Available Evidence

Edited by Eric L Sauers

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 17 (2008): Issue 3 (Jan 2008)

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Clinical Evaluation of Scapular Dysfunction

Eric L. Sauers

Cover International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training

In International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training Volume 11 (2006): Issue 5 (Sep 2006)

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Educational Isolation: Where Are Our Peers?

Eric L. Sauers

Cover International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training

In International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training Volume 10 (2005): Issue 3 (May 2005)

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Fauls Stretching Routine Produces Acute Gains in Throwing Shoulder Mobility in Collegiate Baseball Players

Eric Sauers, Anna August, and Alison Snyder

Context:

Stretching prior to activity or as a rehabilitative intervention may promote increased throwing shoulder range of motion (ROM) in baseball pitchers.

Objective:

To evaluate the acute effects of Fauls modified passive stretching routine on throwing shoulder mobility in collegiate baseball players.

Design:

Repeated measures.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Participants:

Thirty collegiate baseball players with unimpaired shoulders.

Interventions:

Fauls modified passive stretching routine was performed on the throwing shoulder of each subject.

Outcome Measures:

Shoulder complex and passive isolated glenohumeral internal and external rotation ROM were measured with a goniometer, and posterior shoulder tightness was assessed with the Tyler’s test method using a carpenter’s square. Measurements were made bilaterally.

Results:

The dominant shoulder displayed significant increases in glenohumeral and shoulder complex internal and external rotation ROM and significantly decreased posterior shoulder tightness following the stretching routine.

Conclusion:

Application of the Fauls modified passive shoulder stretching routine results in acute gains in throwing shoulder mobility of collegiate baseball players.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 16 (2007): Issue 1 (Jan 2007)

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Efficacy of Prophylactic Knee Braces: Current Research Perspectives

Eric L. Sauers and Rod A. Harter

Cover International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training

In International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training Volume 3 (1998): Issue 4 (Jul 1998)

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A Team Approach: Demonstrating Sport Rehabilitation’s Effectiveness and Enhancing Patient Care Through Clinical Outcomes Assessment

Eric L. Sauers and Alison R. Snyder

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 20 (2011): Issue 1 (Jan 2011)

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In Vivo Assessment of AP Laxity in Healthy Shoulders Using an Instrumented Arthrometer

Paul A. Borsa, Eric L. Sauers, and Derald E. Herling

Arthrometric assessment for glenohumeral (GH) laxity is currently unprecedented in orthopedic practice. Clinical evaluation of GH laxity is based on manual tests that lack objectivity and reliability. We have developed an arthrometer that quantifies AP laxity relative to applied load. Forty healthy shoulders were assessed for AP laxity at 67-, 89-, 111-, and 134-N load levels. A factorial ANOVA revealed significant mean (± SD) differences between directions (p < .0001) and between loads (p < .001). Our results demonstrate the quantified relationship between applied directional loads and GH translation in vivo. We determined bilateral symmetry within subjects and demonstrated excellent reproducibility of the device. Frequency distributions for AP laxity revealed a bell-shaped curve, indicating a normal distribution. Anterior laxity was significantly greater then posterior laxity, and it demonstrated better compliance between the selected load levels.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 8 (1999): Issue 3 (Jan 1999)

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Functional Training for the Restoration of Dynamic Stability in the PCL-Injured Knee

Paul A. Borsa, Eric L. Sauers, and Scott M. Lephart

Functional training for the purpose of restoring dynamic joint stability has received considerable interest in recent years. Contemporary functional training programs are being designed to complement, rather than replace, traditional rehabilitation protocols. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to present a management strategy for restoring dynamic stability in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-injured knee. The strategy presented integrates five key concepts: (a) planned variation of exercise, (b) outcomes-based assessment, (c) kinetic chain exercise, (d) proprioception and neuromuscular control, and (e) specificity of activity. Pertinent research findings and a clinical rationale are provided for using functional training in the restoration of dynamic stability in the PCL-injured knee.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 8 (1999): Issue 4 (Jan 1999)

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Upper Extremity Injury History, Current Pain Rating, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Female Softball Pitchers

Eric L. Sauers, Danelle L. Dykstra, R. Curtis Bay, Kellie Huxel Bliven, and Alison R. Snyder

Context:

Throwing-related arm injuries are common in softball pitchers and may lead to diminished health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Arm symptoms such as pain have been reported to be more common in healthy overhead athletes than nonoverhead athletes. Furthermore, more frequent shoulder symptoms and lower shoulder function have been demonstrated in athletes with self-reported history of shoulder injury.

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between arm injury history, current pain rating, and HRQOL assessed via 2 region-specific patient self-report scales in high school and college softball pitchers.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

High school and college athletic training facilities.

Participants:

25 female softball pitchers (10 high school, 15 college; 18 ± 2 y, 169 ± 7.6 cm, 67.5 ± 10.3 kg).

Intervention:

Self-reported arm injury history and rating of current pain and HRQOL were collected during the late season.

Main Outcome Measures:

A self-report questionnaire of arm injury history and current pain rating was used, and HRQOL was assessed via 2 region-specific scales: the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers© (FAST©). Correlational analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between arm injury history, current pain rating, and the DASH total score and sport module and the FAST total score, pitching module, and subscales.

Results:

A history of arm injury from throwing was reported by 64% of participants, 31% of whom had to cease activity for more than 10 d. The most common site of arm time-loss injury was the shoulder (81%). Mild to severe shoulder pain during the competitive season was reported by 60% of respondents. The DASH and the FAST total scores were significantly correlated (r = .79, P < .001). Respondent rating of shoulder pain correlated significantly with the DASH total (r = .69) and sports module (r = .69) and the FAST total (r = .71), pitching module (r = .65), and pain (r = .73), impairment (r = .76), functional-limitation (r = .79), disability (r = .52), and societal-limitations (r = .46) subscales.

Conclusion:

History of arm injury is common in female high school and college softball pitchers. Severe injury and elevated pain are associated with lower HRQOL that extends beyond the playing field.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 20 (2011): Issue 1 (Jan 2011)