, UK). Respiratory gas exchange was measured by a MetaMax cardiopulmonary exercise testing system (CORTEX Biophysik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany). The system was calibrated on each day of testing to provide reliable results, and participants were required to wear a breathing mask that was adapted
Antje Hill, Linda Schücker, Norbert Hagemann and Bernd Strauß
Greg Doncaster, John Iga and Viswanath Unnithan
.8°C, 62%–63%, and 1011–1021 mm Hg, respectively, for laboratory testing. Assessment of VO 2peak and GET Upon arrival to the laboratory and following the necessary screening procedures, participants were fitted with a polar heart rate monitor (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) and face mask (Hans
Tom Gibbons
.” According to Grano, the “problem” of forgetting is something that is inescapable in elite sport as the advance of human athletic potential masks realities such as racial inequality. Athletic bodies are regarded as “theological objects” in that they are considered eternal only in the moment they are created
Bastiaan Breine, Philippe Malcolm, Veerle Segers, Joeri Gerlo, Rud Derie, Todd Pataky, Edward C. Frederick and Dirk De Clercq
the shoe-surface pressures. As such, the sum of recorded pressures multiplied by active sensor area should be equivalent to the total vertical GRF measured with the AMTI force plate. In the Footscan 7 software we applied a 4-zone mask: (a) lateral and (b) medial rearfoot (splitting the posterior 1
Mirko Brandes, Berit Steenbock and Norman Wirsik
attached to the children using a pediatric harness. In very lean and small children, adhesive tape was used to help adjust the fit of the harness so that the system would not interfere with the activities. A face mask was secured over the child’s nose and mouth using an adjustable nylon harness. A
R. Pla, Y. Le Meur, A. Aubry, J.F. Toussaint and P. Hellard
immediately using backward extrapolation and a K4b2 gas analyzer (Cosmed, Rome, Italy) connected to a face mask (Hans Rudolph, Inc, Shawnee, KS). As soon as the swimmer’s head was out of the water, the mask was put on the swimmer for 30 seconds. The first 20 seconds were used for the analysis to determine V
Sjors Groot, Lars H.J. van de Westelaken, Dionne A. Noordhof, Koen Levels and Jos J. de Koning
checked during every calibration and accepted if between 50 and 200 ms. Dead space of the mask depended on the size of the mask (small: 50 mL; medium: 60 mL). The volume transducer was calibrated using a 3-L volume syringe (COSMED srl). Heart rate was measured during the test with a heart rate monitor
Whitney A. Welch, Scott J. Strath, Michael Brondino, Renee Walker and Ann M. Swartz
(400 g) device that secures onto the individual’s chest, while the small battery (120 × 20 × 80 mm) is placed on the upper back. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are sampled from the face mask covering the participant’s nose and mouth, and a turbine attached to the face mask measured ventilation. Breath
David P. Looney, Mark J. Buller, Andrei V. Gribok, Jayme L. Leger, Adam W. Potter, William V. Rumpler, William J. Tharion, Alexander P. Welles, Karl E. Friedl and Reed W. Hoyt
). Masking effects such as the sleep-wake cycle and dietary intake ( Rietveld, Minors, & Waterhouse, 1993 ) were not controlled during data collection. However, these issues will likely arise during circadian rhythm monitoring in free-living conditions. Ultimately, further research is required to validate
Nikolaus A. Dean
diagnosis, I found myself in a constant battle of denial, depression, anxiety, and was forced to put on a “mask” during my interactions. As Goffman ( 1959 ) states, this “mask represents the conception we have formed of ourselves—the role we are striving to live up to—this mask is our truer self, the self
