attached to the children using a pediatric harness. In very lean and small children, adhesive tape was used to help adjust the fit of the harness so that the system would not interfere with the activities. A face mask was secured over the child’s nose and mouth using an adjustable nylon harness. A
Mirko Brandes, Berit Steenbock and Norman Wirsik
David P. Looney, Mark J. Buller, Andrei V. Gribok, Jayme L. Leger, Adam W. Potter, William V. Rumpler, William J. Tharion, Alexander P. Welles, Karl E. Friedl and Reed W. Hoyt
). Masking effects such as the sleep-wake cycle and dietary intake ( Rietveld, Minors, & Waterhouse, 1993 ) were not controlled during data collection. However, these issues will likely arise during circadian rhythm monitoring in free-living conditions. Ultimately, further research is required to validate
Nikolaus A. Dean
diagnosis, I found myself in a constant battle of denial, depression, anxiety, and was forced to put on a “mask” during my interactions. As Goffman ( 1959 ) states, this “mask represents the conception we have formed of ourselves—the role we are striving to live up to—this mask is our truer self, the self
Zachary C. Pope, Nan Zeng, Xianxiong Li, Wenfeng Liu and Zan Gao
were collected via indirect calorimetry with a Cortex Metalyzer II metabolic cart (Cortex; Germany). Briefly, the exercise tests were performed on a Pulsar treadmill (H/P/Cosmos; Willich, Germany), with participants wearing a mask attached to the metabolic cart. The metabolic cart conducted indirect
Rachel Massie, James Smallcombe and Keith Tolfrey
Actiheart. Participants wore a face mask (Hans Rudolph, Shawnee, KS), and expired air was analyzed continuously using an online system that measures breath-by-breath ventilation, expired oxygen, and expired carbon dioxide (K4b 2 ; COSMED, Rome, Italy). The criteria used to define the attainment of peak V
Louise M. Burke and Peter Peeling
specific scenarios. Many available studies suffer from limitations in methodology which may mask a true interpretation of the results. Research that is poorly conducted or interpreted may result in type 1 (incorrect attribution of a performance change) or type II (failure to detect a true performance
Daisuke Kume, Akira Iguchi and Hiroshi Endoh
the boys might mask deoxygenation due to the Bohr effect, resulting in an inhibition of the accelerated decrease in Δ[Oxy-Hb − Deoxy-Hb]. The lower blood lactate concentration of children ( 30 , 31 ), caused by their lower glycolytic enzyme capacity ( 10 , 16 ), should be susceptible to the blood flow
Kyle S. Beyer, Jeffrey R. Stout, Michael J. Redd, Kayla M. Baker, Haley C. Bergstrom, Jay R. Hoffman and David H. Fukuda
consumption ( V ˙ O 2 peak ) during the graded exercise test. Metabolic Measurements To assess V ˙ O 2 , V ˙ CO 2 , and V ˙ E during the ramp exercise protocol, a flexible mask was fitted over each participant’s mouth and nose to collect expired air. After setup, each mask was tested, via forcible exhale
Dennis van Erck, Eric J. Wenker, Koen Levels, Carl Foster, Jos J. de Koning and Dionne A. Noordhof
test, corresponding to the manufacturer’s instructions. The mask that was used to collect respiratory data was also used to supply air to the participants. The mask was connected to a bag of air (hypoxic or normoxic), which contained air produced by the b-CAT High-Altitude (b-CAT BV, Tiel, the
Matthew I. Black, Joseph C. Handsaker, Sam J. Allen, Stephanie E. Forrester and Jonathan P. Folland
that they could not continue. After a period of rest (∼5 min), the subjects were fitted in a low-dead-space mask, breathed through an impeller turbine assembly (Jaeger Triple V, Jaeger GmbH, Hoechberg, Germany), and repeated the treadmill familiarization. After the familiarization session, the subjects
