The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an alternative method for determining the position of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) during cycling. The approach used in this study employed an instrumented spatial linkage (ISL) system to determine the position of the ASIS in the parasagittal plane. A two-segment ISL constructed using aluminum segments, bearings, and digital encoders was tested statically against a calibration plate and dynamically against a video-based motion capture system. Four well-trained cyclists provided data at three pedaling rates. Statically, the ISL had a mean horizontal error of 0.03 ± 0.21 mm and a mean vertical error of −0.13 ± 0.59 mm. Compared with the video-based motion capture system, the agreement of the location of the ASIS had a mean error of 0.30 ± 0.55 mm for the horizontal dimension and −0.27 ± 0.60 mm for the vertical dimension. The ISL system is a cost-effective, accurate, and valid measure for two-dimensional kinematic data within a range of motion typical for cycling.
Search Results
A Low-Cost Instrumented Spatial Linkage Accurately Determines ASIS Position during Cycle Ergometry
James C. Martin, Steven J. Elmer, Robert D. Horscroft, Nicholas A.T. Brown, and Barry B. Shultz
Using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 With Athletes: A Psychometric Evaluation of Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance
Christopher E.J. DeWolfe, Pablo Romero-Sanchiz, Margo C. Watt, and Sherry H. Stewart
measured as such with the original 16-item Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI; Reiss et al., 1986 ). Subsequent research on the underlying structure of the ASI suggested that anxiety sensitivity is better conceptualized as a multidimensional construct with three dimensions: physical, cognitive, and social
Peak Blood Lactate Concentration and Its Arrival Time Following Different Track Running Events in Under-20 Male Track Athletes
Subir Gupta, Arkadiusz Stanula, and Asis Goswami
Purpose: To determine (1) the time of arrival of peak blood lactate concentration ([BLa]peak) followed by various track events and (2) significant correlation, if any, between average velocity and [BLa]peak in these events. Methods: In 58 under-20 male track athletes, heart rate was recorded continuously and blood lactate concentration was determined at various intervals following 100-m (n = 9), 200-m (n = 8), 400-m (flat) (n = 9), 400-m hurdles (n = 8), 800-m (n = 9), 1500-m (n = 8), 3000-m steeplechase (n = 7), and 5000-m (n = 10) runs. Results: The [BLa]peak, in mmol/L, was recorded highest following the 400-m run (18.27 [3.65]) followed by 400-m hurdles (16.25 [3.14]), 800-m (15.53 [3.25]), 1500-m (14.71 [3.00]), 200-m (14.42 [3.40]), 3000-m steeplechase (11.87 [1.48]), 100-m (11.05 [2.36]), and 5000-m runs (8.65 [1.60]). The average velocity of only the 400-m run was found to be significantly correlated (r = .877, p < 0.05) with [BLa]peak. The arrival time of [BLa]peak following 100-m, 200-m, 400-m, 400-m hurdles, 800-m, 1500-m, 3000-m steeplechase, and 5000-m runs was 4.44 (0.83), 4.13 (0.93), 4.22 (0.63), 3.75 (0.83), 3.34 (1.20), 2.06 (1.21), 1.71 (1.44), and 1.06 (1.04) minutes, respectively, of the recovery period. Conclusion: In under-20 runners, (1) [BLa]peak is highest after the 400-m run, (2) the time of appearance of [BLa]peak varies from one event to another but arrives later after sprint events than longer distances, and (3) the 400-m (flat) run is the only event wherein the performance is significantly correlated with the [BLa]peak.
Methods for Determining Hip Movement in Seated Cycling and Their Effect on Kinematics and Kinetics
Richard R. Neptune and Maury L. Hull
In a previous paper (Neptune & Hull, 1995), a new video-based method (ASIS) for locating the hip joint center (HJC) in seated cycling was shown to be more accurate than tracking a marker placed over the superior aspect of the greater trochanter (TRO). The main goal of the present study was to see if the conclusions presented in Neptune and Hull (1995) may be applied to other cyclists. Lower limb kinematic and pedal force data were collected from 7 cyclists at nine combinations of pedaling rate and work rate. ASIS produced significantly different hip joint movement patterns than TRO, which resulted in significantly different power and work calculations developed by the intersegmental hip joint force, at all combinations except one. A significant quadratic trend was evident as a function of pedaling rate, and a significant linear trend was evident for work rate. At naturally preferred pedaling rates (~90 rpm) and lower work rates (<225 W), the hip joint movement was minimum. Under these conditions, the fixed hip assumption is least prone to error.
Reducing Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity With High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults With Asthma
Carley O’Neill and Shilpa Dogra
exercise intervention. The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) is a 16-item questionnaire used to determine the degree of worry surrounding anxiety-related sensations that would lead to a negative social, physical, or cognitive consequence. Worry has been described as a cognitive process that serves an
Quantifying Human Gait Symmetry During Blindfolded Treadmill Walking
Otella Shoja, Masoumeh Shojaei, Hamidollah Hassanlouei, Farzad Towhidkhah, and Lei Zhang
symmetry index (ASI), according to Karamanidis et al. ( 2003 ): ASI = | X D − X N | 0.5 ( X D + X N ) × 100 , where XD is a measure on a dominant limb, while XN is that measure on the nondominant limb. An ASI of zero indicates perfect symmetry for that particular gait measure. Larger ASI indicates
Twice Invisible, Twice Clandestine. Football and Lesbianism in Spain During the Years of Democratic Transition (1970–1982)
Dolors Ribalta Alcalde and Xavier Pujadas
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between women’s football and lesbianism during the 1970s in Spain as well as the invisibility characteristics of this group of women in the context of the invisibility of women’s football in this period and in the context of the political transition until 1982. In the repressive context of late Francoism and given the validity until 1978 of laws that expressly persecuted homosexuality, social, cultural, legal, and political pressure had a very important impact on lesbian women who participated in the incipient practice of football in Spain in the 1970s. Some of these players built gay social networks through sports clubs and later started clandestine meetings in bars and private celebrations. The period studied—between 1970 and 1982—coincided with the rebirth of women’s football in Spain and the international emergence of this sport. The research has been based on the use of in-depth interview as a method and historiographical technique that has allowed us to obtain the life stories of nine lesbian or heterosexual women football players in different Spanish cities (who in general have lived and live in a private sexual identity) and two coaches linked to women’s teams. These sources have been expanded and contrasted from others of a documentary nature (specialized press and bibliography) to reconstruct the context studied and contrast the reliability of the information collected. In conclusion, it has been established that, despite the low visibility of women’s football and homosexuality, the legal pressure of the period and the opposition of the public authorities and institutions of the dictatorship, the field of football allowed these women to overcome some of the difficulties in the process of building their identity and discrimination based on sexual orientation. In turn, support networks—especially of teammates—private parties and atmosphere bars, were fundamental to the life experience of young lesbian athletes in the still repressive context of the end of the Franco dictatorship and the first years of the young democratic regime in Spain.
Alternative Models for Pelvic Marker Occlusion in Cycling
Alberto Galindo-Martínez, Juan Miguel Vallés-González, Alejandro López-Valenciano, and Jose L.L. Elvira
reference and the hip axis. 29 , 30 Both the predictive and functional techniques typically use 4 external markers located in the anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS), being this the standard or traditional pelvic model (TPM). When applying these models, the
Judicious Use of Bibliometrics to Supplement Peer Evaluations of Research in Kinesiology
Duane Knudson
-off between productivity and quality in research activities . Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61 , 132 – 140 . doi:10.1002/asi.21254 10.1002/asi.21254 Adams , D. ( 2016 ). Metrics . In Publish or perish manual . Retrieved from https
Strides to Achieve a Stable Symmetry Index During Running
Shane P. Murphy, Zach B. Barrons, and Jeremy D. Smith
75 individual symmetry values for each variable. Symmetry values were calculated using 2 previously described methods: directional symmetry index (DSI) via equation (1) and the absolute symmetry index (ASI) via equation (2), between the right ( X r ) and left ( X l ) measures. 7 , 9 DSI % = ( X r − X
