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Analysis of Physical Activity Mass Media Campaign Design

Tina Lankford, Jana Wallace, David Brown, Jesus Soares, Jacqueline N. Epping, and Fred Fridinger

Background:

Mass media campaigns are a necessary tool for public health practitioners to reach large populations and promote healthy behaviors. Most health scholars have concluded that mass media can significantly influence the health behaviors of populations; however the effects of such campaigns are typically modest and may require significant resources. A recent Community Preventive Services Task Force review on stand-alone mass media campaigns concluded there was insufficient evidence to determine their effectiveness in increasing physical activity, partly due to mixed methods and modest and inconsistent effects on levels of physical activity.

Methods:

A secondary analysis was performed on the campaigns evaluated in the Task Force review to determine use of campaign-building principles, channels, and levels of awareness and their impact on campaign outcomes. Each study was analyzed by 2 reviewers for inclusion of campaign building principles.

Results:

Campaigns that included 5 or more campaign principles were more likely to be successful in achieving physical activity outcomes.

Conclusion:

Campaign success is more likely if the campaign building principles (formative research, audience segmentation, message design, channel placement, process evaluation, and theory-based) are used as part of campaign design and planning.

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multi-Component Interventions Through Schools to Increase Physical Activity

Laura B. Russ, Collin A. Webster, Michael W. Beets, and David S. Phillips

Background:

A “whole-of-school” approach is nationally endorsed to increase youth physical activity (PA). Aligned with this approach, comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAP) are recommended. Distinct components of a CSPAP include physical education (PE), PA during the school day (PADS), PA before/after school (PABAS), staff wellness (SW), and family/community engagement (FCE). The effectiveness of interventions incorporating multiple CSPAP components is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted examining the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions on youth total daily PA.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for published studies that (1) occurred in the US; (2) targeted K–12 (5–18 years old); (3) were interventions; (4) reflected ≥ 2 CSPAP components, with at least 1 targeting school-based PA during school hours; and (5) reported outcomes as daily PA improvements. Standardized mean effects (Hedge’s g) from pooled random effects inverse-variance models were estimated.

Results:

Across 14 studies, 12 included PE, 5 PADS, 1 PABAS, 2 SW, and 14 FCE. No studies included all 5 CSPAP components. Overall, intervention impact was small (0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.19).

Conclusions:

As designed, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions to increase youth total daily PA. Increased alignment with CSPAP recommendations may improve intervention effectiveness.

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Charting a Course: Navigating Rigor and Meaning in Global Health Research

Tiago Canelas, Motlatso Godongwana, Feyisayo A. Wayas, Estelle Victoria Lambert, Yves Wasnyo, and Louise Foley

In the rapidly evolving landscape of global health research, the tension between scientific rigor and contextual meaning presents a critical challenge. Drawing on our work with the Global Diet and Physical Activity Network, this commentary explores the complexities of conducting environmental audits for physical activity and diet in 4 rapidly urbanizing African cities: Yaoundé, Lagos, Cape Town, and Soweto. We illustrate the competing demands and tensions that researchers face in balancing rigor and meaning. We discuss the adaptation of internationally validated audit tools to local contexts and the importance of area-level deprivation in interpreting data. We also examine the feasibility of virtual assessment tools, emphasizing the value of local expertise. We argue for a balanced approach that marries research rigor with contextual meaning, advocating for transparency, humility, and meaningful community engagement.

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Striving for Global Consensus: A Systematic Review of Social Return on Investment Applied to Physical Activity and Sport

Inés Nieto, Xián Mayo, Larissa Davies, Lindsey Reece, Ben Strafford, and Alfonso Jimenez

Confidence and self-esteem Other Social capital Networks and relationships Sense of identity and belonging Community engagement Inclusion, integration, and equality Trust Other Environment Community benefits Leisure Image improvement New partnerships In some studies, “physical activity” and “volunteering

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Results From South Africa’s 2022 Healthy Active Kids’ Report Card on Physical Activity, Body Composition Proxies, and Nutritional Status in Children and Adolescents

Zingisa Z. Nyawose, Rowena Naidoo, Candice Christie, Susan Bassett, Dané Coetzee, Maya van Gent, Andries Monyeki, Philippe Gradidge, Christa Janse van Rensburg, Colleen Cozett, Marie Young, Wiedaad Slemming, Lumé Morrow, Anita Pienaar, Soezin Krog, Cheryl Walter, Aayesha Kholvadia, Monique De Milander, Niri Naidoo, and Estelle V. Lambert

was a once off stipend or monthly over a specific time period. There are numerous examples of community engagement with local government, particularly around access to safe and inclusive public open and green spaces. One example is a project conducted in Johannesburg to transform the “End Street North

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Predicting the Presence of Active Schools: A National Survey of School Principals in the United States

Brian Dauenhauer, Taemin Ha, Collin Webster, Heather Erwin, Erin Centeio, Jillian Papa, and Charlene Burgeson

opportunities for children and adolescents. 6 The CSPAP framework comprises 5 components, including quality physical education, PA during school, PA before and after school, staff involvement, and family and community engagement. The foundation of any CSPAP is quality physical education, the purpose of which

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The Effect of Primary School-Based Physical Education Programs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Markel Rico-González

syllabus  Community engagement   Wright et al 4 To evaluate the impact of a program on low-income neighborhoods children’s PA No of children: 251 Schools: 5 Country: United States Mean age: NS Range: 8–12 y Level: primary Grade: 3, 4, 5, and 6 EXP (n = 165) Kids N Fitness© Kids N Fitness© Two components: a

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Footprints in Time: Physical Activity Levels and Sociodemographic and Movement-Related Associations Within the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children

Rona Macniven, Rachel Wilson, Tim Olds, and John Evans

. LSIC aims to improve understanding of the lives of children, their families, and communities to inform better policy and program development. 16 The study was developed through extensive community engagement processes with Indigenous families and stakeholders in over 20 locations. 14 LSIC includes 2

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Challenges and Future Directions for Promoting Intersectional Quantitative Studies in Physical Activity Research

Mari Sone, Teatske M. Altenburg, and Mai J.M. ChinAPaw

methods. 19 Effective strategies to improve diversity of study samples include oversampling of underrepresented groups, promotion of geographically diverse research sites, and collaboration with and engagement of local communities in study design and recruitment. 10 , 21 , 22 , 26 Community engagement

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Parent Preferences for Physical Activity in Before and After School Programs in Rural and Suburban Communities: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Christopher D. Pfledderer, Ryan D. Burns, Wonwoo Byun, Russell L. Carson, Gregory J. Welk, and Timothy A. Brusseau

structured and/or modified to promote PA. These are (1) physical education (PE), (2) PA before and after school, (3) PA during school, (4) staff involvement, and (5) family and community engagement. There is mounting evidence that each component of the CSPAP framework is effective in increasing PA among