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Book Reviews

Albert V. Carron

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Predictors of Doping Intentions in Elite-Level Athletes: A Social Cognition Approach

Lambros Lazuras, Vassileios Barkoukis, Angelos Rodafinos, and Haralambos Tzorbatzoudis

Doping use is an ongoing problem in contemporary sports. Despite efforts to detect and control doping, research on its etiology is limited, especially among elite-level athletes. The present study used an integrated social cognition model to examine the predictors of doping intentions. Structured anonymous questionnaires were completed by 1075 Greek adult elite-level athletes (M age = 25 years, SD = 5.89, 36.1% females) from both team and individual sports. Multiple regression and mediation analyses showed that attitudes, normative beliefs, situational temptation, and behavioral control significantly predicted doping intentions. A normative process was identified whereby situational temptation mediated the effects of normative beliefs on intentions. The findings provide the basis for future social cognition research in doping use, and set the framework for the development of evidence-based preventive interventions.

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Gender Differences in Managerial Aspirations and Potential among Physical Education and Non-Physical Education Students

Beth Steel, P. Chelladurai, and Barbara A. Brown

Gender differences in managerial aspirations and managerial potential have been advanced as possible explanations for the structuring of organizations along gender lines, with women concentrated in lower level jobs and under-represented in managerial positions. These hypothesized gender differences were examined in a sample of male and female physical education and non-physical education students. Analysis of variance results showed that the effects of gender, faculty, or their interaction on managerial aspirations were not significant. The main effects of aspiration level, faculty, and gender on the set of managerial potential variables were significant. Aspirants scored higher than nonaspirants on self-assurance, decisiveness, and need for dominance. Non-physical education students scored higher on need for dominance than did physical education students. Males were higher in need for autonomy and need for dominance, while females were higher in decisiveness.

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Experience-Dependent Modulation of Rubber Hand Illusion in Badminton Players

Masanori Sakamoto and Hirotoshi Ifuku

neurological examinations and provided written informed consent. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Education, Kumamoto University. The experiments were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Figure 1 —(a) The setup of without racket condition. A

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Social Supports and Barriers for Older Adults Not Participating in Group Physical Activity

Lindsay Morrison, Meghan H. McDonough, Jennifer Hewson, Ann Toohey, Cari Din, and Sarah J. Kenny

reflect on, and document, their positionality. The first author is a cisgendered, White, nondisabled graduate student in their mid-20s who has been active throughout their life. The second author is a cisgendered, White, nondisabled, physically active university faculty member in their 40s whose research

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Attitudes of Sport Fans Toward the Electronic Sign-Stealing Scandal in Major League Baseball: Differing Associations With Perfectionism and Excellencism

Patrick Gaudreau and Benjamin J.I. Schellenberg

Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and a teaching release awarded by the Faculty of Social Sciences from the University of Ottawa. The authors thank Laurence Boileau for her help in reviewing the cheating literature. Notes 1. Five fans of the Houston Astros participated. Analyses with and

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More Questions About Excellencism, Perfectionism, and Attitudes Toward Cheating in Professional Baseball: A Look at Potential Mediators and Doping Attitudes

Patrick Gaudreau, Laurence Boileau, and Benjamin J.I. Schellenberg

Canada and a teaching release awarded by the Faculty of Social Sciences from the University of Ottawa. References Atkinson , F. , Martin , J.J. , & Moore , E.W.G. ( 2022 ). A model of perfectionism, moral disengagement, altruism, and antisocial and prosocial behaviors in wheelchair athletes

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Social Support and Body Image in Group Physical Activity Programs for Older Women

Michelle Patterson, Meghan H. McDonough, Jennifer Hewson, S. Nicole Culos-Reed, and Erica Bennett

psychology, and the coauthors include faculty members with expertise in exercise psychology and social work. Participants To be eligible for the study, participants had to (a) self-identify as a woman, (b) be 65 years of age or older, (c) be able to participate in an interview in English, (d) have taken part

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Teachers’ Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, Students’ Psychological Needs, and Positive and Negative Outcomes in Physical Education

Héctor Moreno-Casado, Francisco M. Leo, Miguel A. López-Gajardo, Tomás García-Calvo, and Juan J. Pulido

Focused on physical education (PE), this study examined the association between teachers’ communication and students’ psychological needs, enjoyment/boredom, PE usefulness, and students’ grade perception. Participants were 1,000 students (572 girls; M age = 14.58 ± 0.65) from 29 Spanish secondary schools. A path model including variables measured at three times was tested: teachers’ verbal/nonverbal communication (Time 1), needs satisfaction/frustration (Time 2), and PE outcomes (Time 3). Verbal communication positively predicted needs satisfaction, which, in turn, positively predicted enjoyment, PE usefulness, and students’ grade perception and negatively predicted boredom. Verbal communication negatively predicted needs frustration, which was a positive predictor of boredom. Multigroup analysis showed that gender did not moderate the associations in the path model, whereas mediating effects were found between teachers’ communication and consequences via students’ psychological needs. Teachers should improve their communicative capacities to satisfy students’ psychological needs and promote positive PE  outcomes.

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Psychological Aspects of Motocross Racing Considering Expected, Perceived, and Actual Performance

Liza Komáromi, László Tóth, Ricardo de la Vega Marcos, and Attila Szabo

test whether Motocross is primarily a mental, physical, or both types of open sport. Methods Ethics The ethical feasibility of this research was determined by the Research Ethics Board of the Faculty of Education and Psychology at ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, which granted ethical clearance for the