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duration. Treadmill training is a common intervention to improve gait dysfunction in individuals with PD. When walking on a treadmill, individuals with PD display increased stride length, increased cadence, and reduced gait variability compared with overground walking at the same velocity ( Bello, Sanchez

, some experiments have modified existing treadmills either by attaching discrete obstacles or even by creating a continuous balance beam using a set of narrow blocks. 13 , 14 However, discrete perturbations on a treadmill do not allow for measurements of steady-state dynamics and are not suitable for

.2) Weekly distance, km 41.2 (15.6) Self-selected running speed, km/h 10.4 (1.2) Note: Values are expressed as mean (SD) except as indicated in first row. Study Procedures Participants performed a single testing session of treadmill running on a dual-belt instrumented treadmill (AMTI, Watertown, MA). A

may thus also affect the control of frontal plane motion. 7 However, it is unknown how frontal plane gait mechanics change when the speeds of each leg are manipulated independently rather than simultaneously. Split-belt treadmill walking is a rehabilitation intervention that allows researchers to

observed increases in cardiometabolic responses ( Protas, Stanley, Jankovic, & MacNeill, 1996 ; Stanley, Protas, & Jankovic, 1999 ). To improve cardiorespiratory fitness and gait dysfunction, aerobic exercise on a motorized treadmill has been shown to be an effective intervention in those diagnosed with

properties of treadmill surfaces have not been previously reported, and the only regulation concerning this type of surface, the European Standard EN 957-6+A1 (ie,  Stationary Training Equipment—Part 6: Treadmills, Additional Specific Safety Requirements and Test Methods ), provides no recommendation or

physiological evaluations of skating on instrumented motorized treadmills. 5 , 6 However, even though these evaluations mimic physiological responses to skating, the access to this type of equipment is limited and expensive. As an alternative and an inexpensive method that simulates speed skating conditions

with a lower V ˙ O 2 max and higher maximal heart rate (HR max ) during skating when compared with running or cycling. 4 – 6 Despite the lack of specificity, cycle ergometer or treadmill running tests are widely used in speed skating 7 for monitoring physiological changes and establishing training

prior studies ( 1 , 3 , 24 , 30 , 35 ). These studies were conducted in well-controlled laboratory conditions on a treadmill ( 1 , 24 , 35 ), overground ( 3 ), and using both treadmill and overground ( 30 ). From these studies, it has been suggested that a step rate of ≥100 steps per minute is

completing computer tasks for prolonged periods of time. 6 Consequently, activity-promoting desks have been proposed as a potential strategy for reducing and interrupting occupational sitting, based on the rationale that they allow desk work to occur while standing (sit–stand desk) or walking (treadmill