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Emily R. Hunt, Cassandra N. Parise, and Timothy A. Butterfield

Clinical Scenario Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common traumatic athletic injuries, affecting upwards of 200,000 individuals per year in the United States. 1 For those US patients who wish to continue participation in competitive athletics, ligament reconstruction

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Ling Li, Yu Song, Maddy Jenkins, and Boyi Dai

Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur during unbalanced jump landings with most body weight on the injured leg, 1 – 4 and females have higher incidences of ACL injuries compared with males in most sports events. 5 – 7 In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that

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Jonathon R. Staples, Kevin A. Schafer, Matthew V. Smith, John Motley, Mark Halstead, Andrew Blackman, Amanda Haas, Karen Steger-May, Matthew J. Matava, Rick W. Wright, and Robert H. Brophy

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a commonly injured ligament in the body, often but not always requiring operative intervention. 1 The incidence of ACL reconstruction continues to rise, increasing by 20% over the last decade, with the most rapid increase occurring in patients aged between

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Megan P. Brady and Windee Weiss

Clinical Scenario A common injury among elite, recreational, and youth athletes is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. 1 Approximately 200,000 ACL injuries occur every year. 2 The gold standard in ACL injury evaluation is diagnostic arthroscopy 3 , 4 ; however, the diagnostic accuracy of

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Joseph Hannon, J. Craig Garrison, Sharon Wang-Price, Shiho Goto, Angellyn Grondin, James Bothwell, and Curtis Bush

Joint loading following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) continues to be a topic of interest among researchers, because altered joint loading can contribute to compensatory movements, commonly seen in this patient population. Joint loading has been examined using a variety of

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Brian Pietrosimone, Adam S. Lepley, Christopher Kuenze, Matthew S. Harkey, Joseph M. Hart, J. Troy Blackburn, and Grant Norte

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common knee-related injuries sustained by physically active individuals. 1 A recent population study from the United States demonstrated an overall estimated incidence of 69 ACL injuries per 100,000 person years. 2 Younger individuals

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Nathan J. Robey, Kurt O. Buchholz, Shane P. Murphy, Jeremy D. Smith, and Gary D. Heise

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common knee injuries to occur during athletic participation. 1 It is estimated that up to 250,000 ACL injuries occur each year in the United States, with roughly 130,000 of the injured individuals electing to undergo surgical

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Trevor Kovacs, Joseph Hannon, Sharon Wang-Price, Shiho Goto, Jim Bothwell, Steve Singleton, Lindsey Dietrich, J. Craig Garrison, and Jack Malafronte

Nearly 200,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears occur yearly in the United States, with up to 90% resulting in reconstructive surgery. 1 Although various surgical methods and rehabilitation protocols have been utilized with the intention of improving patient outcomes following anterior

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Steven H. Ryder, Robert J. Johnson, Bruce D. Beynnon, and Carl F. Ettlinger

Athletes are particularly at risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury, and there is some evidence that female athletes are more at risk than males. The conflicting principles of stability and mobility are at odds within the knee, setting the stage for potentially serious injuries. Some investigators suggest that the size of the intercondylar notch should be used to identify athletes at risk for ACL damage, but more research is required before clinical decisions can be based on notch width measurements. Athletic shoe modifications and artificial playing surfaces may influence the incidence of ACL injures. Functional knee braces appear to have beneficial strain shielding effect on the ACL for anterior directed loads and internal–external torques applied to the tibia, but this effect appears to decrease as the magnitude of these anterior directed loads and torques increases. Ski equipment is often pointed to as a contributing factor in ACL injuries, but there is no evidence that modifications in ski equipment will decrease ACL disruptions. An education program based on recognizing the events that lead to ACL injury in skiing may reduce knee injuries in the future.

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Nathaniel A. Bates, Nathan D. Schilaty, Ryo Ueno, and Timothy E. Hewett

Clinically, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are hypothesized to occur within 50 milliseconds of initial contact with the ground during landing tasks. 1 This rapid loading of the ACL is corroborated by in vitro simulation, which has shown that ACL strain immediately increases and peaks