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Adolescent Gender and Ethnicity Differences in Physical Activity Perceptions and Behavior

Soojin Yoo, Monica A.F. Lounsbery, Tim J. Bungum, and Julie Gast

Objectives:

To examine gender and ethnicity differences in adolescents’ physical activity (PA) behavior and perceptions.

Methods:

Surveys designed to measure PA behavior and perception were completed by 175 adolescents. Gender and ethnicity differences in PA behavior were examined using chi-square tests. A two-way between groups MANOVA was used to examine perception.

Results:

No significant differences were found between gender groups for PA. Caucasian students were more likely to be active and to perceive that PA makes their health better. Hispanics were more likely to perceive that PA requires more time than Caucasians.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest greater consideration be given to the ethnic orientation of PA behavior antecedents when promoting PA to adolescents.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 7 (2010): Issue 6 (Nov 2010)

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Skinfold Prediction Equations Fail to Provide an Accurate Estimate of Body Composition in Elite Rugby Union Athletes of Caucasian and Polynesian Ethnicity

Adam J. Zemski, Elizabeth M. Broad, and Gary J. Slater

). Currently, there is not a specific equation available for estimating body composition in rugby union athletes, nor one that differentiates between Caucasian and Polynesian athletes who have unique physique traits ( Zemski et al., 2015 ). In practice, there is regularly a need to estimate absolute measures

Cover International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

In International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Volume 28 (2018): Issue 1 (Jan 2018)

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Validation of the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale: Testing Measurement Invariance Between Hispanic and Caucasian Children

John B. Bartholomew, Alexandra Loukas, Esbelle M. Jowers, and Shane Allua

Background:

Design and evaluation of physical activity interventions depends upon valid instruments to assess mediating processes. The Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (PASES) has been used in a variety of forms within samples of African American and Caucasian children.

Method:

This study was designed to extend the statistical validity of the scores from the PASES by comparing 1 and 3-factor models and testing measurement invariance between Hispanic and Caucasian children. 883 fourth and fifth graders were recruited (mean age, 9.71 y; 48% female, 52% male; 67% Hispanic, 33% Caucasian). The factor structure was tested with confirmatory factor analysis, using two-group analyses to model ethnic differences.

Results:

The 17-item, 3-factor version of the PASES evidenced poor fit with the data. In contrast, an 8-item, 1-factor solution provided adequate fit for both samples.

Conclusions:

The 8-item, 1-factor version of the PASES provides statistically valid scores for Hispanic and Caucasian children.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 3 (2006): Issue 1 (Jan 2006)

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Physical Activity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, and Caucasians: The Multiethnic Cohort

Astrid Steinbrecher, Eva Erber, Andrew Grandinetti, Claudio Nigg, Laurence N. Kolonel, and Gertraud Maskarinec

Background:

Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for diabetes; however, little is known about this association across ethnic groups with different diabetes risk. Therefore, we evaluated the association between physical activity and diabetes and potential effect modification by ethnicity in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort.

Methods:

Participants, aged 45 to 75 years, were enrolled by completing a questionnaire on demographics, diet, and self-reported weekly hours of strenuous sports, vigorous work, and moderate activity. Among the 74,913 participants (39% Caucasian, 14% Native Hawaiian, 47% Japanese American), 8561 incident diabetes cases were identified by self-report, a medication questionnaire, and through health plan linkages. Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) while adjusting for known confounders.

Results:

Engaging in strenuous sports was inversely related to diabetes risk with HRs (4+ hours/week vs. never) of 0.67 (95%CI: 0.57–0.79) in women and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72–0.88) in men. In stratified analyses, the inverse association was consistent across ethnic groups. The inverse association of vigorous work with diabetes was limited to men, while beneficial effects of moderate activity were observed only in Caucasians.

Conclusions:

These findings support a role of high-intensity physical activity and ethnic-specific guidelines in diabetes prevention.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 9 (2012): Issue 5 (Jul 2012)

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Rhabdomyolysis in a Female Caucasian Adolescent Distance Runner: A Case Report

R. Mitchell Todd, Michelle Cleary, and J. Susan Griffith

We present the case of an adolescent female collegiate distance runner competing in her first 6K race. She presented with multiple systemic symptoms of dizziness, nausea, confusion, muscle cramping, and syncope. The patient was immediately treated for heat stroke and, on follow-up, reported to the AT with a headache, lack of appetite, muscle aches, and dark-colored urine. Rhabdomyolysis should be considered following a heat illness event with necessary treatments performed immediately. Symptomatic patients must be referred to a physician for evaluation and laboratory testing. We present recommendations for a supervised return-to-participation protocol and acclimatization to safely return to competition readiness.

Cover International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training

In International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training Volume 21 (2016): Issue 6 (Nov 2016)

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Personal Accomplishment, Resilience, and Perceived Mattering as Inhibitors of Physical Educators’ Perceptions of Marginalization and Isolation

K. Andrew R. Richards, Karen Lux Gaudreault, and Amelia Mays Woods

females, 209 males) from the Midwest and Mountain West regions of the United States. The majority of participants identified as Caucasian ( n  = 392; 93.6%), and other racial/ethnic affiliations included African American ( n  = 8; 1.90%), Hispanic ( n  = 8; 1.9%), Multiple Races ( n  = 8; 1.9%), Native

Cover Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

In Journal of Teaching in Physical Education Volume 37 (2018): Issue 1 (Jan 2018)

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Youth Female Ice Hockey Players’ Enjoyment and Commitment to Sport

Kari Roethlisberger, Vista Beasley, Jeffrey Martin, Brigid Byrd, Krista Munroe-Chandler, and Irene Muir

greater hockey enjoyment and be committed to the sport of ice hockey. Method Participants Participants included 130 females ( M age  = 11.7 years, SD  = 2.6, range 7–17 years), mostly Caucasian (89.2% Caucasian, 5.4% Hispanic, .8% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 1.5% Multi-racial), from the midwestern

Cover Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal

In Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal Volume 28 (2020): Issue 1 (Apr 2020)

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Parental Expectations of Adapted Physical Educators: A Hispanic Perspective

Luis Columna, Jean Pyfer, Terry Senne, Luisa Velez, Nancy Bridenthrall, and Maria Yolanda Canabal

The purpose of this study was to identify the perspectives of Hispanic parents of children with disabilities regarding adapted physical education (APE) professionals in relationship to their child’s purposeful play and transition to school programming. Participants (N = 11) were Hispanic parents of children with disabilities. Parents participated in one-on-one interviews in their preferred language (Spanish or English). Transcripts were analyzed through a constant comparative analysis. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) qualified APE professionals, (b) challenges for the family, and (c) normalcy. These themes were supported by subthemes. The results indicated that Hispanic families were not as familiar with APE services as Caucasian families were. Parental expectations among Hispanic parents were similar to Caucasian parents, but the preference for modes of communication and information differed.

Cover Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

In Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly Volume 25 (2008): Issue 3 (Jul 2008)

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NCAA Division I Athletes’ Attitudes Toward Seeking Sport Psychology Consultation: The Development of an Objective Instrument

Scott B. Martin, Craig A. Wrisberg, Patricia A. Beitel, and John Lounsbury

A 50-item questionnaire measuring athletes’ attitudes toward seeking a sport psychology consultant (ATSSPCQ) was initially developed and then administered to 48 African American and 177 Caucasian student-athletes at a NCAA Division I university. Principal components factor analyses were conducted to extract initial factors and then varimax orthogonal rotation was performed. The analyses produced three dimensions of athlete attitude that accounted for 35% of the variance: stigma tolerance, confidence in a SPC/recognition of need, and interpersonal openness/willingness to try a SPC. A MANOVA and follow-up discriminant function analyses were then performed to identify the factors that maximized differences between gender and race. Significant differences in stigma tolerance were found for both gender and race. SPCs were stigmatized more by male athletes than by female athletes and more by African American athletes than by Caucasian athletes. No other significant effects were obtained.

Cover The Sport Psychologist

In The Sport Psychologist Volume 11 (1997): Issue 2 (Jun 1997)

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Step Counts of Non-White Minority Children and Youth by Gender, Grade Level, Race/Ethnicity, and Mode of School Transportation

Tyler G. Johnson, Timothy A. Brusseau, Paul W. Darst, Pamela H. Kulinna, and Janel White-Taylor

Background:

The purposes of this study were to describe and analyze the steps/d of nonwhite minority children and youth by gender, grade level, race/ethnicity, and mode of school transportation. A secondary purpose was to compare the steps/d of minority children and youth to their Caucasian grade-level counterparts.

Methods:

Participants were 547 minority youth grades 5 to 8 from 4 urban schools. Participants wore sealed pedometers for 6 consecutive week/school days. Three hundred and ten participants responded to a questionnaire concerning their mode of transportation to and from school.

Results:

Statistical analyses indicated a main effect for gender (F(3, 546) = 13.50, P < .001) with no interaction. Boys (12,589 ± 3921) accumulated significantly more steps/d than girls (9,539 ± 3,135). Further analyses also revealed a significant main effect for mode of school transportation (F(2, 309) = 15.97, P ≤ .001). Walkers (12,614 ± 4169) obtained significantly more steps/d than car (10,021 ± 2856) or bus (10,230 ± 3666) transit users.

Conclusions:

Minority boys obtain similar steps/d as their Caucasian grade-level counterparts; minority girls obtain less steps/d than their Caucasian grade-level counterparts. Minority youth who actively commute are more likely to meet PA recommendations than nonactive commuters.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 7 (2010): Issue 6 (Nov 2010)